STO

641

STO

are filled with new stony matter, which rises a little above the sur-rounding surface of-the rock. This matter evidently has beenOnce liquid, and at length has congealed in the channel into whichrt had run. But is it not thus easily explained by a common pro-cess, the formation of stalactites ? When water, charged with cal-careous matter, is exposed to the action of .the air, the water eva-porates, and leaves the calcareous earth behind, which hardens■tnd becomes like a stone.

Stones, Precious. See Agate , Amethvst, Beryl, Car-buncle, Carnelion, Chalcedony , Diamond, Emerald, &c.

Stones, Showers of. See yEroliths.

Stone-Ware , a species of pottery, so called from its hardness.See Delft , Porcelain, and Pottery. Clay is a principal in-gredient in pottery of all kinds which has the property of hardening]n the fire, and of receiving and preserving any form into which it*s moulded.

. STONEHENGE , a celebrated monument of antiquity, standsIP the middle of a flat area near the summit of a hill six milesr °m Salisbury. It is inclosed by a circular double bank andCitch near thirty feet broad, after crossing which we ascend thirtyJards before we reach the work. The whole fabric consisted ofl "’o circles and two ovals. 'Pile outer circle is about 108 feet dia-meter, consisting, when entire, of sixty stones, thirty uprights, andthirty imposts, of which remain only "twenty-four uprights, seven-, e n standing and seven down, three feet and a half asunder, andf-ght imposts. Eleven uprights have their five imposts on them

the grand entrance. T hese stones are from thirteen to twenty, ee t high. The less circle is somewhat more than eight feet from.he inside of the outer one, and consisted of forty less stones (the‘hgliest six feet), of which only nineteen remain, and only elevenfinding; the walk between these two circles is 300 feet in circum-m'ence. The Adytum or Cell is an oval formed of ten stones,sixteen to twenty-two feet high,) in pairs, with imposts,hich.Dr. Stukely calls trilithons, and above thirty feet high,s,n g in height as they go round, and each pair separate, and nota °h llec ^ ec * us l he outer pair; the highest eight feet, Within these* p netcen more smaller single stones, of which only six are^Bding. Three of the live trilithons at the W. end fell flat west-levelling also in their descent a stone of the second circle^ Stood in the line of their precipitation, on the 3d Jan. 1707.

' 1 Bip upper end of the Adytum is the altar, a large slab of blueb arse marble, twenty indies thick, sixteen feet long, and four; pressed down by the weight of the vast stones that haveUl P 11 ll P°n it. The whole number of stones, uprights, imposts,

[j ‘j altar, is exactly 140. The stones are far from being artificial,tile ' Vt ’ e most probably brought from those called tire Grey Wea-ti-'iJi°” Marlborough Downs fifteen or sixteen miles oil; and iflog a tool, they appear of the same hardness, grain, and co-

S p nerally reddish.

fc'ONEY MOUNTAINS, mountains in (lie N.4V. part otfi-n,! , America, extending from S. to N. in a N. W. direction,

STn'', 4s ° l ° ? s ° N-

Lo,, | ^ INGTON, a t6wn and sea-port of Connecticut , in NewSTo coullt T ’ 251 miles N. E. of Philadelphia .

0e e in mining, is used when the niineis leave off digging

Cali**;' 1 ’ and work in the ends forward. The end before them isSto ‘ e ? t001 :

t ° L ’ shipbuilding, the name of the supporters of the poop

STf?p an - ler,,B -.

* > >n music, a word applied by violin and violincello per-’•Ho C ' S 0 dl;lt pressure of the strings by which they are broughthote l s 1 ','' ac '- ' v 'tn the finger-board, and by which the pitch of theS-jQp 1 ^hirmined : a string so pressed is said to be stoppi d.lUali^ , AN Organ. A collection of pipes similar in tone andP as $ 0 f’ 'y* l iuh run through the whole, or a great part, of the com-ai 'd rn,,i.-\ e ' ns tmmeiit. In a great organ the stops are numerous

s TOpfe ioi «-

I Opp *

pally k ^^’ 'n a ship, certain short pieces of rope, which are

I ^ch u " ott «» a f one or both ends, according to the purpose lor’h av }' boV are desi S'’«l- They are either used to suspend anyh lll ' s > thP' 1 01 n ‘ la ’n a cable, shroud, See. in a fixed position.,>g to tll anc ' 10 rs, when first hoisted up from the ground, arelosing i|. e c at-head by a stopper attached to the latter, which,Cr '^ead • ’ du - anchor-ring, is afterwards fastened to the tim-

v 0l. 1v ’ a,K oie same rope serves to fasten it on the bow at sea;

Iv * -No. 200.

or to suspend it by the ring which is to be sunk from the ship tothe bottom.

STORAX, in pharmacy. See Pharmacy, and Resin.

STORK, in ornithology. See Ardea.

STORNOWAY, the capital of the island of Lewis.

STOVE , in domestic ceconomy, a contrivance, or apparatus,in which fires are made, with the view of conveying heat through-out houses, churches, or other buildings. The warming by stovesmust be managed upon very different principles from thoseadopted in the employment of open fires. The general principleis, 1st, To employ the fuel in the most effectual manner ..for heat-ing the external part of the stove, which is immediately efficientin warming the contiguous air ; and, 2d, To keep in the room theair already warmed, at least as much as is consistent with whole-someness and cleanliness. The first purpose is accomplished byconducting the line of the furnace round its external parts, or, inshort, by making every part of tile due external. Of all forms,that of a long pipe, returned backwards and forwards, up and down(provided only lhat the place of its last discharge be considerablyhigher than its entry from the fire-place), would be the most ef-fectual. A very small stove constructed in this wav, the wholebeing inclosed in a handsome case of polished iron-plate, piercedand cut into elegant foliage like the cock of a watch, so that theodd looking pipes were completely concealed. T hough onlythree feet long, one foot thick, and six feet high, it warmed avery lofty room of 24 feet by 18, and consumed less than half thefuel of a stove of the more usual make, which did not so fullywarm a smaller chamber.

Stove, The German . Fig. 3, Plate CLVI1I. represents asmall German stove fully sufficient for warming a room of 24 feetby IS. The base is about 3 feet broad, and 14 indies deep, thatis, from back to front, and 6 or 7 feet high. The decoration is inthe fashion of that country ; but the operative structure of it willadmit of any style of ornament. A. is the fire-place, and the woodor charred coal is laid on the bottom, which lias no bars. Barswould admit the air too freely among the fuel, anti would bothconsume it too fast and raise loo great a heat. That no heat mayhe uselessly expended, the sole of the fire-place and the whole bot-tom of tlie stove is raised an inch or two above the floor of theroom, and the air is therefore warmed by it in succession, andrises upwards. For the same reason the back of the stove is not incontact with the wall of the room, or of the niche in which it isplaced. T he fire-place is shut up by a door which fits closely toits case, and has a small wicket at the bottom, whose aperture isregulated by a sliding plate, so as to admit no more air than whatsuffices for slowly consuming the fuel. The flame and heatpd airrise to the top oi the tire-place three or four inches above the archor mamle-piece, and get oil laterally by two nariow passagesBB, immediately below the top-plate of the base. The cur-rent bends downward on each side, passes at C, C, underthe partition-plates which divide the two side-chambers, and thenrises upwards through the outer division of each, and passesthrough narrow slits D, D, in the top-plate, and from thencealong the two hollow piers E, E. The two lateral currents uniteat the top of the arch, and go through the single, passage F. Fromthis place it cither goes straight upwards into the vent in the wallby a pipe on the top of the stove, or it goes into the wall behindby a pipe inserted in the back of the stove. The propriety ofthis construction is very obvious. The current of hot air is" ap-plied to exterior parts of the stove everywhere except in the twoside-chambers of the base, where the partition-plates form oneside of tin* canal. Even this might be avoided by making eachof these side-chambers a detached hollow pillar. But this wouldgreatly increase the trouble of construction and joining together,and is bv no means necessary.

STOUR, in geography, a river of England, which risesin Dorset -shire, nearVVilts, and tails into the English Channel, in Hampshire .

Stour, a river of England, which forms an entire boundarybetween Essex and Sussex.

Stour, a river of Staffordshire , which runs through theSouth angle of that county, and tails into the Severn in Wor-cestershire .

STOURBRIDGE, a considerable town of England in Wor .cestmhire, 22 miles N. of Worcester . Lon. 2. 0. W "Lat-52.32. N.STOW, John, the industrious historian, son of Thomas Stow8 A merchant-