where the space between the two shafts consists of two diameters,or four modules. See Architecture.

SYZYG1A, or SYZYGY, in astronomy, a term equally usedfor the conjunction and opposition of a planet with the sun. Theword is formed from the Greek e-vfuym, which properly signifiesconjunctio. On the phenomena and circumstances of the

syzygies a great part of the lunar theory depends. See As-tronomy.

SZALGEN, an island in the Black Sea , opposite the mouth ofthe Danube , Lon. 31. 7. E. Lat. 45. 20. N.

SZAMOSFALVA, a town of Transylvania , on the river Sa-mos, one mile N. ofColosvar.

T.

T tlie 19th letter and 15th consonant of our alphabet. It is a} mute which, at the beginning and end of words, has alwaysthe same sound, nearly approaching to that of d. The sound isformed by a strong expulsion of the breath through the mouthupon a sudden drawing back of the tongue from the fore-part ofthe palate, with the lips at the same time open. Ti before a vowelhas the sound of si, or rather ol ski, as in creation, except when sprecedes, as in question ; and in derivatives from words ending inty, as mighty, mightier. Anciently this syllable ti was consideredas distinct from the vowel that followed it, and such words as mo-ti-on, sta-ti-on, &c. formed trissyllables in poetry, as appears fromthe version of the Psalms still used in our churches. But now inmodern improved English , ti is not considered as a distinct sylla-ble, but only as softening the t to the sound of sh, as if the wordswere spelt mo-slum, sta-shon, &c. Tli has two sounds; the onehard, as thou, father; the other soft, as thing, tliiik. The soundis hard, in these words, the, then, than, there, with their deriva-tives and compounds; and in the words that, this, thus, thy, they.As an abbreviation, T was used among the Boman writers, forTitus. Titius, &c. Tab. for Tabularius; Tab. P. H. C. Tabula-rius Provincije Hispaniie Citerioris; Tar. Tarquinius; Ti. Tibe-rius ; Ti. F.'I iberii filius; Ti. L. Tiberii libertus; Ti. N. TiberiiNepos; T. J. A. V. P. V. D. tempore judicem arbitrumve pos-tulat utdet; T. M. P. terminum posuit; T. M. D. D. termi-num dedicavit; Tr. trans, tribunus; Tr. M. or Mil. tribunus mi-litum; TR. PL. DES. tribunis plebis designatus; TR. AER.tribunus terarii; TRV. CAP. triumviri capitales; T. P.orTRIB.POT. tribunicia potestate ; Tul. H. Tullus Hostilius. In musicT stands for tutti, “ all or altogether.” As a numeral, T wasUsed among the ancients, for one hundred and sixty; and with adash at top, thus, ~ it signified one hundred and sixty thou-sand. ’

TA, a town of China of the second rank, with a fortress, in theprovince of Se-tchuen, 650 miles S. W. of Peking.

Ta, or Lough.Ta, a lake of Ireland , on the S. coast ofWexford, 3 miles N. W. of Carnsore Point, and 9 S. S. E. of

W_e X f ort i.

Ta, or Tasi.ousac, a town of Lower Canada . Lon. 69. 30.W. Lat. 48. 5. N.

TAAS, a city of Arabia, in Uemen, 48 miles N. E. of Mocha.Lon. 44. 10. E. Lat. 13. 37. N.

TAATA, a town of Upper Egypt, a mile from the Nile , and•^60 miles S. of Cairo . Lon. 31.25. E. Lat. 26. 56. N.

TAAUT, TAAUTES, TAAUTOS, TAAUTUS, orLHOTH, a Phoenician deity, the same with H nines of Egypt ,3nd Mercury of the Greeks and Romans.

. TaBACO, a province of Mexico, in Yucatan , where the to-Uacco-plant was first discovered, and from which it was named.Nicotiana.

PABAGA, or TABAGO , an island of the South Pacific, ce an, i : , t| ie bay of Panama, near the coast of Mexico , be-onginj, l( , Spain ;■ 2 miles long, and 3 broad. Lon. 80. 16. W.

Lat. 7. 50. s.

, TABANUS, the Breeze-Fi.y; a genus of insects of the orer of diptera. Mouth extended in fleshy proboscis, terminated

by two lips; rostrum furnished with two pointed palpi placed on\ each side of the proboscis, and parallel to it. There are 53species.

T. Bovinus, or Great Horse-Fly, has a grey head; theeyes are almost of a black brown, occupying the greatest part of it.The thorax is of a grey colour; the abdomen is yellowish, witha triangular white spot on the middle of every rmg, which con-stitutes a longitudinal band of spots, the point oi w hich is directedtowards the thorax. The thighs are blackish, and the legs yellow.The wings are dusky, with brown veins of a deeper dye. Thisinsect is the terror of horned cattle, horses, &e. I is month isI armed with two sharp hooks which penetrate their hide ; whileI with its proboscis, which is shaped like a sting, it sucks r.ieiri blood, of which it is very greedy. The puncture of the tabauusis keen and painful. The insect is very common in damp woodsand meadows, especially during the great heats, when it is mosttroublesome. See Plate CXXXVI.

TABARCA, an island in the Mediterranean, two miles fromthe coast of Africa , at the mouth of the Zeine, w hich separatesAlgiers from Tunis . Lon. 9. 16. E. Lat. 36. 50. or 55. N.

Tabarca, a town of Africa, in Tunis , on the coast, oppositethe above island.

TABAR1A, or TABERAYAN, a town of Palestine, ancient-ly called Tiberias, seated on the W. bank of the Sea of Tibeiias,or lake of Gennesareth, 50 miles N. N. E. of Jerusalem , and 70S. S. W. of Damascus .

TABASCO, a province of North America, in Mexico , bound-ed N. by the Gulf of Mexico , or bay of Campeachy ; E. byYucatan ; S. by Chiapa; and W. by Guaxaca . It is 100 mileslong, and equally broad; but Cruttwell says it is narrow. It isfertile in various herbs, maize, rice, barley, Indian corn, cocoa-nuts, vines, lemon, orange, and fig-trees ; also the largest caubageand cotton-trees in the world grow here.

TABBY, in commerce, is a rich silk which has undergone theoperation of tabby ing.

TABBYING, a passing the silk or stuff under a calendar, therolls of which are made of iron or copper variously engraven,which bearing unequally on the stuff renders the surface thereofunequal, so as to reflect the rays of light dilieienlly, making iherepresentation of waves thereon.

TABELLARIAl LEGES, in Roman antiquity, laws made bysuffrages delivered upon tabellae, tablets, and not viva voce.There were four of them, viz. the Gabinian, by Gabinius , A. U.C. 614; the Cassian, by Cassius, A. U. C. 616 ; the Papirinn, byPapirius Carbo, A. U. C. 622 ; and the Cslian; by Caban, A. 17.C. 646. Cic. de Legg. iii. c. 16.

TABERNACLE, under the Hebrew theocracy, was a kind ofbuilding, in the form of a tent, set up, by command of God forthe performance of religious worship, sacrifices, &c. during theI journeying of the Israelites in the wilderness; and, after their set-I tlement in Canaan , used for the same purpose till the budding of1 the temple. It was divided into two parts; the one covered, andI properly called the tabernacle ; and tiie other open, called thecourt. SeeExod. xxv—xxvii.

Tabernacles Feast ok, a solemn festival of the Hebrews,

1 observed