TAV ASTLAN D, a province of Sweden, in the middle of Fin-land , about 150 miles long, and 100 broad. The soil is very fertile,and the surface chiefly consists of fine plains, diversified with arableand meadow-lands, and watered by many lakes and rivers abound-ing with fish. It likewise abounds in cattle and wild game.

TAUCI1EL, a town of Prussian Pomeraia, 44 miles S.S.W,of Dantzic. Lon. IS. 5. E. Lat. 53. 38. N.

TAVERNA, a town of Naples in Calabria Ultra ; 15 milesN. of Squiliace, and 70 N. E. of Reggio . Lon. 16. 44. E. Lat.39. 11. N.

TAV1RA, orTAVILA, a city of Portugal , and capita! of theprovinceof Algarve; 100 miles W. by N. of Cadiz . Lon. 7. 46.W. Lat. 37. IS. N.

TAVISTOCK, a borough of England, in Devonshire ; seatedon the river Tavey or Tave ; 14 miles N. of Plymouth. Lon.4. 12. E. Lat. 50. 37. N.

TAUNTON, a large, elegant, and well-built borough of So-mersetshire ; 146 miles W. bv S. of London . Lon. 3. 17. W.Lat. 50. 59. N.

Taunton, a town of Massachusetts, ' the capital of Bristolcounty; 41 miles S. of Boston, and 330 from Philadelphia .

TAUREAU, an island of France , in the department of Finis-terre, and province of Bretagne , lying at the mouth of fhe Mor-laix. Lon. 3. 51. W. Lat. 48. 40. N.

TAURl, an ancient nation of European Sarmatia, who inha-bited Taurica Chersonesus , and sacrificed all strangers to Diana.

TAURICA, in the mythology, a surname of Diana, becauseshe was worshipped by the inhabitants of Taurica Chersonesus .

Taurica Chersonesus , in ancient geography, a large penin-sula of Europe , at the S. \V. end of the Palus Mccotis, joined toScythia, by an isthmus, and bounded by the Cimmerian Bospho-rus, the Euxine Sea , and the Palus Moeotis. The inhabitantsWere called Tauri, and were very savage.

TAURIS, orTEBRIS, a town of Persia, capital of Adirbeit-zan. Lon. 47. 50. E. Lat. 38. 18. N.

TAURUS, in astronomy, one of the twelve signs of the zodiac.See Astronomy.

Taurus, a great chain of mountains in.Asia , which begin at theeastern part of Little Carasmania, and extend very far into India ,In different places they have different names.

Taurus, in zoology. See Bos.

TAUTOLOGY, [YavVoXoyi®; tmvto; and xoy®.;] repetition ofthe same words, or of the same sense in different words.

TAWING, the art of dressing skins ill white, for divers manu-factures, particularly gloves, See. All skins may be tawed ; butthose chiefly used for this purpose are lamb, sheep, kid, and8°at-skins.

TAX, [taxa, from the Greek *«?■;, i. e. ordo,'] an impositionh>id U p 0ll (he Sll hj e ct for the support of government. See Reve-nue. it i s (| le ancient indisputable privilege and right of tileHouse of Commons , that all grants of subsidies or parliamentarya 'ds do begin in their house, and are first bestowed by them ; al-though rheir grants are not effectual to all intents and purposesjhHil they have the assent of the other two branches of the legis-lature,

I- Taxes„ Annual, are usually those upon land and malt.

H. Taxes, Perpetual, are the customs, the excise-duty, theSaU-dmv, the post-office, the stamp-duty, the assessed taxes, &c.

TAXATION. See FeodalSystem , and Revenue.

. PAXUS, the Yew-Tree , in botany, a genus of plants belong-pS to the class dicecia, and order monadelpliia; natural order,Vunifera:. Male calyx none; corolla none ; stamina many ; au-fhers peltate, eight-cleft; female corolla none; style none ; see'd one,'n a berried calvcle that is quite entire. There are four species.

■p T, Baocata, the Common Yew-Tkee, is a native of Britain ,France, Swisserkmd, &c. and of North America . It is distin-guished from the other species by linear leaves which grow veryJ^ose, a i U i t ;, e receptacles of the male flowers being subglobose.t le wood is reddish, full of veins, and flexible, very hard and‘Uooth, and almost incorruptible.

* AY, called by tiie RomansTavus or Tans, a river in Scotland .b . AYLOR, Dr. Jeremy, was the son of a barber at Cam-St* p ’ wl,ere be was educated. He became divinity-lecturer ofj ' ‘ aid’s in London ; and was, by the interest of Archbishop

auc h elected fellow of All-Soul’s college, Cambridge, in 1636.

In 1638, he became chaplain to the archbishop, who made himrector of Uppingham in Rutlandshire , in 1642 he was chaplainto the king ; and a frequent preacher before him at Oxford. Heafterward attended his army as chaplain. Upon the declining ofhis cause, he retired into Wales , where he officiated as minister,and kept a school. Having spent several years there, he lost threesons of great hopes in three months. This made him leave thecountry, and go to London , where lie officiated in a private con-gregation of lovalists. At length Edward lord Conway carriedhim over into Ireland , and settled him at Portmore. Upon theRestoration he returned to England ; soon after he was advancedto the bishopric of Down and Connor in Ireland . He was like-wise made privy-counsellor and vice-chancellor of the Univer-sity of Dublin ; which he held till his death. He died of a feverat Lisnegarvy in 1667. . He was the author of several excellentworks on divinity.

Taylor, Dr. Brook, was born at Edmonton . August 18,1685. He was the son of John Taylor, Esq. of Bifron’s-house inKent. In 1701, he was entered a Fellow Commoner of St.John’s College, Cambridge . In 1708 he wrote his treatise “Onthe Centre of Oscillation,” in the Phil. Trans. In 1709, he tookhis degree of A. B. In 1712, he was chosen F. R. S. In 1712,he presented to the Royal Society three papers : 1. On the. Ascentof W ater between two Glass-Planes ; 2. On the Centre of Oscilla-tion ; and, 3. On the Motion of a stretched String. In 1713 hepresented a paper on Music. In 1714 he was elected secretary :same year lie took at Cambridge his degree of LL. D. and sentto Sir Hans Sloane , An Account of some curious Experimentsrelative to Magnetism ; which was printed in the Trans. In 1715he published in Latin his Methodus Incrementorum ; also a cu-rious essay preserved in the Philos. Trans, intituled An Account ofan Experiment for the Discovery of the Laws of Magnetic Attrac-tion ; likewise a treatise On the Principles of Linear Perspective.In the same year he conducted a controversial correspondencewith the Count Raymond de Monlmort, on the Tenets of Male-branche; which occasioned his being particularly noticed in theeulogium pronounced by the French Academy, on that eminentmetaphysician. The new philosophy of Newton engaged the at-tention of mathematicians and philosophers both at home andabroad. In 1716 he went to Paris, where his society was verymuch courted. In 1717 he returned to London , and wrote threetreatises, which were published in the Phil. Trans, vol. 30. Hisintense application having impaired his health, lie went to Aix-la-Chapelle , and resigned his secretaryship in 1718. After his re-turn in 1719, lie applied to subjects of'a very different kind, suchas A Treatise oil the Jewish Sacrifices, and a Dissertation on theLawfulness of eating Blood . He also revised his treatise on LinearPerspective. Drawing appeared also to be his favourite amuse-ment to his last hour. In 1721, he published his last paper iu :the Philos. Trans, intituled, An Experiment to ascertain the Pro-portion of Expansion of Liquor in the Thermometer , with regardto the degree of Heat. In 1721, he also married Miss Bridges, ofWallington, in Surrey. She died in 1725, and he united himselfto Miss Sawbridge, of Olantigh, in Kent. Dr. Brook Taylor diedof a decline, aged 46, Dec. 29, 1731.

TAYNE, FRITH OF, a bay on the E. side of Tavne orRoss-shire, which runs up 25 miles from the sea, as far as CapeTarbat ; and divides Ross from Sutherland. It is seven milesbroad at the mouth, but is not navigable, as it abounds withquicksands.

TCHANG-TCIIA, a city of China , of the first rank, in Hou-quang, on the Ileng; 742 miles S. of Pekin .

TCI1ANG-TE, a city of China of the first rank, in Hou-quang;717 miles S.S.W. of Pekin . Lon. 101. 15. E. Lat.29. 2. N.

Tchang-te, a city of China of the first rank in Iio-nan, themost northern in the province, 255 nnles S. S. W. of Pekin .

TCHE-KAING, or TCHE-KIENG, a province of China ,bounded N. W. and N. by Kiang-nan; E. by the sea; S. byFokien ; and S. W. by Kiang-si. It is 200 miles long, and front120 to 180 broad. It is one of the chief provinces in the empire,for climate, situation, population, and riches.

TCHEOU-KONG, a celebrated Chinese astronomer whoflourished above 1000 years before the Christian sera, and is saidto have invented the Mariner’s Compass. He erected a tower inthe city of Ho-nan , for an observatory; and there is still to be

seen