T E T
713
TEX
TETRAEDRON, orTETRAHEDRON, in geometry, is oneof the five Platonic or regular bodies or solids, comprehended un-der four-equilateral and equal triangles. Or it is a triangular py-ramid of four equal and equilateral faces.
TETRAGON, in astrology, denotes an aspect of two planets■with regard to the earth, when they are distant from each othera fourth part of a circle, or 90°. The tetragon is expressed by thecharacter CD. and is otherwise called a square, or quartile aspect.
Tetragon, in geometry, a quadrangle, or a figure having fourangles. Such as a square, a parallelogram, a rhombus, and a tra-pezium. It sometimes also means peculiarly a square.
TETRAGON 1A, in botany, a genus of plants of the classicosandria, and order monogynia; natural order Succulents .Calyx is divided into three, four, or five parts; no corolla; dvupxbeneath, nut three or eight-celled. There are eight species.
TE 1 BAGRAMMA PON, y .-/..v.r* roy,] a denominationgiven by the Greeks to the Hebrew name of God , niiT, Jehovah,because in the Hebrew it consists of four letters.
TETRAGYNfA, [Tta-a-a^;, four, and ywi, a woman,] thename of an order in the fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and thirteenth,classes in the Sexual System; consisting of plants which, to theclassic character, whatever it is, add the circumstance of having"four styles or female organs. Ilerb-paris, and grass of Parnassus,furnish examples. See Botany .
'I’E 1'RANDRIA^Tro-o-ajEf, four, and rev>!», a man, or husband,]the name of the fourth class in Linnaius’s Sexual System, consistingof plants with hermaphrodite flowers, which have four stamina, ormale organs, that are of equal length. In this last circumstanceconsists the main difference, according to Linnaeus , between theplants of the class in question and those of the fourteenth class di-dynamia, in which the four stamina are of unequal length, two ofthem being long, and two short. The orders of this numerous■class are three, founded upon the number of styles or female or-gans. Scabious, teazel, barren-wort, the starry plants of Ray,and the greater number of genera in this class, have one style;dodder and bypecoum have two; holly and a few others havefour. See Botany .
TE I RAND HUS, in botany, a genns of the syngenesia poly-fiamia segregrata class and order. Natural order, Capital®. Ca-lyx common, fonr-flowered ; perianth proper, one-leafed ; seedscrowned. There is but one species, viz. T. litloralis, an annua]plant, and a native of Hispaniola .
TETRAO, in natural history, a genus of the class aves, and theorder Gallinre. Near each eye is a spot which is naked, or papil-lous, or slightly covered with feathers. Birds of this genus, which,according to Gmelin, comprehends the grouse, the partridge, andjhe quail, follow the clam immediately on being hatched, and beforell ' e shell is wholly detached from them. There are seventy-threes Pccies.
. L. Lagopus, the White Game or Ptarmigan , is 15 incheslength, and weighs 19 ounces. Its plumage is of a pale brownr ash-colour, elegantly crossed or mottled with small clusky spotsminute bars; the head and neck with broad bars of black.^•colour, and white; the belly anti wings are white, but thet]) S °( ** le greater quill-feathers black. Ptarmigans are found intp S ? kingdoms only on the summits of the highest hills of thes .j'SLlancls of Scotland, of the Hebrides, and Orkneys ; and a few1 inhabit the lofty hills near Keswick in Cumberland, as well as^ e fountains of Wales . They live amidst the rocks, perchingalt i e . g re y stones, the general colour of the strata in those ex-Sp situations.
] *• Peruix, or the Common Partridge , is thirteen inchesabl^’ anc ' sbounds in the temperate regions of Europe . It is un-Co 6 to sustain rigorous cold, or intense heat, ft feeds on greene rn ar *d other plants, and almost every species of grain; but thefor tl ailt - s constitute its favourite food, and are almost essentialmeni noUr ' s hmeiit and preservation of the young ones. Experi-•tlj r* have been repeatedly, but ineffectually, made, to inducefret reei ' m 8 °f this bird in confinement; its eggs, however, area »d* j i enl 'yP ut into 'he nest of the common ben, ami are thus matured,h'ou 7 y° un g are treated affectionately by that bird, and may bea frac\ l ° l ier f ec, i°n if provided with their appropriate food. Thehi R h| 1 . n ' ent .'h e ,na le and female partridge to their offspring is■the sa mu Tesling. They both sit, covering them frequently atme time, and, when danger approaches, will expose them-v °l.,iv.— NO , 206 .
selves to its direct attack, in order to decoy the attention of theenemy from those whose security they preler even to their ownexistence.
TETRAPODOLOGY, and Asy°f,] (hat branch of
zoology, which treats of quadrupeds, in the Linnaan system,called mammalia.
TETRARCH, [TtTgrtcx’ml a prince who holds and governs afourth part of a kingdom. Such originally was the import of thetitle tetrarch; but it was afterwards applied to any petty king orsovereign; and became synonymous with ethnarch.
TETRARCH ATE, or TETRARCH Y, a Roman
government of a fourth part of a province.
TETRASTYLE, in the ancient architecture, a building, andparticularly a temple, with four columns in its front.
TETRODON, in ichthyology, a genus of fishes of the ordercartilaginei. Jaws bony, divided at the end ; body roughenedbeneath; ventral fins none; aperture of the gills linear. It hasthirteen species.
T. Ocei.latos, is seven inches long, and abounds in the Chi-nese seas. The tortoise-shell tetrodon is depicted in Plate CXXI.
TETUAN, an ancient and pleasant town of Africa , in the king-dom of Fez, and in live province of Habata. Lon. 5. 26. W,' Lat.35. 27. N.
TEUCRT, a name given the Trojans, from Teucer , their firstking .
TEUCRIUM, Germander ; in botany, a genus of plants of(he class didymunia, and order gymnospermia; natural order Ver-ticillata?. Corolla, upper lip, divided into two parts beyond thebase, divaricating where the stamina issue out. There are sixty-nine species.
T. Cham.tedr.ys, the Smaller Creeping Germander,bath fibres very creeping, spreading roots; many four-cornered,very branchy, trailing stalks, near a foot long; oval, cuneiform,cut, cvenated leaves on short footstalks; and reddish flowers,growing almost in a verticillus, or whorls, round the stalk, threeon eacli peduncle ; appearing in June and July.
TEL t THIS, in ichthyology, a genus of fishes of the orderabdo*niinales. Head somewhat truncated on the fore-part; branchil-memhrane with five rays; teeth equal, rigid near each other,forming a regular series. There are two species.
TEUTONES, orTEUTONI, an ancient people, always byhistorians joined with the Cirnbri; both seated, according to Mela,beyond the Elbe , on the Sinus Codatius, or Baltic; and there, itis supposed, lay the country of the Teutones, now Ditmarsh ; di-versity of dialects producing the different terms, Tent , Tut, Dit,Tid, and Thod, which in the ancient German language signifiedpeople.
TEUTONIC LANGUAGE is supposed to have been thelanguage of the ancient Germans , and hence is reckoned amongstthe mother-tongues.
Teutonic Order , an order of military knights, established to-wards the close of the twelfth century, in the Holy Land, where,after the death of Barbarossa, the Germans behaved with so muchbravery, that Henry king of Jerusalem , the patriarch, and severalother princes, determined to reward their valour by instituting theorder. They had at first the title of the knights of St. George;and afterwards were called Equites Mariani, or knights of St.Marv.
TEWKSBURY, a town of Gloucestershire . Lon. 2. 13. W.Lat. 52, 0. N.
TEXEL, a department of Batavia, formed out of the provinceof North Holland .
Texel, a town of the United Provinces, in North Holland , atthe mouth of the Zuyder Zee, with a good harbour. Lon. 4.51. E.Lat. 5-3. 8. N.
TEXT, a relative term, particularly used for a passage of scrip-ture, chosen by a preacher to be the subject of his sermon.
TEXTURE properly denotes the arrangement and cohesion ofseveral slender bodies or threads interwoven or entangled amongeach other, as in the webs of spiders, or in the cloths, stuffs, &C.Texture is also used in speaking of any union or constituent par-ticles of a concrete body, whether by weaving, hooking, knitting,tying, chaining, indenting, intruding, compressing, attracting, orany other way. In which sense we say, a close compact texture,a lax porous texture, a regular or irregular texture, &c.
8 T THALES,