URT 834 (J S S

U. Arctos, the Common Bear, has strong, thick, and clumsylimbs; a very short tail; large feet; body covered with very longand shaggy hair; various in its colour: the largest are of a rustybrown; the smallest of a deep black: some from the confines ofRussia black, mixed with white hairs, called by the Germans ,silver bear; and some (but rarely) are found in Tartary of a purewhite. They inhabit the N. parts of Europe and Asia ; the Alpsof Switzerland, and the late Dauphine. or department ofDrome, Isere, and Upper Alps; Japan and Ceylon ; North Ame-rica and Peru . The Brown bears are sometimes carnivorous, andwill destroy cattle, and eat carrion ; but their general food is roots,fruits, and vegetables: they will rob the fields of pease ; and whenthey are ripe, pluck great quantities up, beat the pease out of thehusks on some hard place, eat them, and carry off the straw : theywill also, during winter, break into the farmer’s yard, and makegreat havock among his stock of oats; they are also particularlyfond of honcv. 'The flesh of a bear in autumn, when they are ex-cessively fat, by feeding on acorns, and other mast, is delicatefood; and that of the cubs still liner; but the paws of the oldbears are reckoned the most exquisite morsel; the fat white, andvery sweet; the oil excellent for strains and old pains.

U. Gulo, the Glutton. The body and tail are from 3\ tofour feet long, and of a glossy black or dark brown colour with atawny line down the middle of the black, It is larger than thebadger. This species inhabits the N. parts of America; Asia , andEurope ; but are seldom found in Germany or Poland . Theydwell chiefly in mountains and forests. They propagate in Jan.and in May : the female brings from one to three w helps. Theyclimb well and are cunning and voracious, devouring all small ani-mals, and even attacking deer ; but unless in self-defence neverattack man. Their smell defends them against dogs. Whenyoung they may be tamed. Their fur is much valued. The legsare thick, short, and hairy. The female has six teats. They havefour fore teeth in each jaw. There is a white variety.

U. Lotor, the Racoon , has the upper part of the body coveredwith hair, ash-coloured at the root, whitish in the middle, and tip-ped with black ; tail very bushy, nnnulated with black ; toes black,and quite divided. It inhabits the warm and temperate parts ofAmerica; is found also in the mountains of Jamaica , and in theisles of Maria, between the south point of California and CapeCorientes, in the Soulh Sea: is easily tamed, very good-natured,and sportive ; but as unlucky as a monkey. It is almost always inmotion ; and very inquisitive, examining every thing with itspaws. It makes use of them as hands; sits up to eat; is extremelyfond of sweet things, and strong liquors, and will get excessivelydrunk. It has all the cunning of a fox ; and is very destructive topoultry ; but will eat all sorts of fruits, green corn, &c. At lowwater it feeds much on oysters, and will watch their opening, andwith its paw snatch out the fish, but is sometimes caught. Itclimbs nimbly up trees. It is hunted for its skin; the furis next to that of the beaver for making hats. See PlateCLXVII.

U. Mei.es, the Common Badger, is an animal of a veryclumsy make, with short thick legs, long claws on the fore-feet,and a fetid white matter exuding from the orifice below the tail.It inhabits most parts of Europe, as far N. as Norway and Russia ,and the steep or desert beyond Orenburg, in the Russian Asiatic dominions, north of the Caspian Sea; inhabits also China , and isoften found in the butcher’s shops in Pekin, the Chinese being fondof them ; but a scarce animal in most countries. It seldom ap-pears in the day ; confines itself much to its hole; is indolent andsleepy; generally very fat; feeds by night; eats roots, fruits,grass, insects, and frogs : it runs slowly ; when overtaken, it comesto hay, and defends itself vigorously ; its bite is dangerous. Itburrows under ground ; makes several apartments, but forms onlyone entrance from the surface. It is hunted during night for theskin, which serves for pistol-furniture ; the hairs for making brushesto soften (he shades in painting. Its flesh makes good bacon.

URTICA , in botany, a genus of plants of the class moncccia,and order tetrandria; natural order, Scabridsc. Male, calyx four-leaved ; no corolla; nectnrium minute, central, urn-fashioned:female, calyx two-leaved; seed single, oval, glossy. There are59 species.

URT1CULARIA, Bladder-wort; in botany, a genus of thediar.dria inonogynia class and order. Natural order, Corydales.

Corolla ringent, spurred ; calyx two-leaved, equal ; capsule one-celled. There are thirteen species.

USANCE, [ usauzia , l(al.] in commerce, is a determined timefixed for the payment of hills of exchange, reckoned either fromthe day of the bills being accepted, or from the day of their date ;and thus called because regulated by the usage and custom of theplaces whereon they are drawn. Between Holland and England,England and Hamburgh, and England and France , was onemonth, thus “ At two usance pay to order of, &c.” means at twomouths after date, &e. Between England and Portugal or Spain it is two months, and between England and Italy three.

USE, in law, is the profit or benefit of lands and tenements; ora trust and confidence reposed in a person for the holding oflands, &c. that he to whose use the trust is made shall receive theprofits.

USIIANT, an island of France , 15 miles \V. of the coast of thedepartment of Finisterre, or province of Bretagne , opposite toConquet, at the entrance of the British Channel . It is eight milesin circuit, ami contains several huts and a castle. Lon. 5. 0. VV.Lat. 48, 30. N.

USHER, an officer, or servant, who has the care and directionof the door of a com!, hall, chamber, or the like. In the king’shousehold there are two gentlemen-ushers of the privy-chamber ap-pointed to attend the door, and give entrance to persons that haveadmittance thither; four gentlemen-ushers, waiters; and eightgentlemen-ushers, quarter-waiter in ordinary.

Usher also signifies an officer of the court of Exchequer, ofwhich there are four who attend the barons and chief officers ofthat court of Westminster, as also juries, sheriffs, &c. at the plea-sure of the court. There is also an usher of the court of chancery.

Usher, James. See Ussher, James.

Usher of the Black Rod, the eldest of the gentlemen-ushers,daily waiters at court, whose duty is to bear the rod before the kingat the feast of St. George, and other solemnities.

USQUEBAUGH, a peculiar compounded liquor, chiefly takenby way of dram. There are several different methods of makingthis liquor; but the following is esteemed one of the best. Totwo gallons of brandy, or other spirits, put a pound of Spanishliquorice, half a pound of dried raisins, four ounces of currants, andthree of sliced dates, the tops of baum, mint, savory, thyme, andthe tops of the flowers of rosemary, of each two ounces; cinnamonand mace, well bruised, nutmegs, aniseeds, and coriander-seeds,bruised likewise, of each four ounces; citron or lemon, and orange-peel, scraped, of each an ounce ; let all these infuse 48 hours ina warm place, often shaking them together; then let them standin a cool place for a week; after which the clear liquor is to bedecanted off, and to it is to be put an equal quantity of white port,and a gallon of canary; after which it is to be sweetened with asufficient quantity of refined sugar.

USSEL, a town of France, in the department of Correze , andprovince of Limosin ; five miles N. E. of Ventandour. Lon.2. 15. E. Lat. 45. 32. N.

USSHER, James, Abp. of Armagh, one of the most illustriousprelates in the 17th century. He was born in Dublin in 1580.Dublin college being finished in 1593, he was one of the three firststudents admitted into that seminary, where he made a great pro-gress in all kinds of learning. At the age of sixteen he formed aChronology of the Bible, in Latin , which was the origin of hisgreat work, afterwards published under the title of “ Annals of theOld and New Testament,” the best edition of which is that of Ge-neva in 1722, in two vols. folio. In 1(107 he was appointed pro-fessor of divinity at Dublin, and Chancellor of St. Patrick’s ca-thedral. In 1520 he was promoted to the bishopric of Meath ,from whence he was translated to the archbishopric of Armagh in1525. On the breaking out of the Irish rebellion he retired toEngland, and was promoted to the see of Carlisle, from which hereceived no advantage, owing to the civil wars and the abolition ofepiscopacy, of which he approved himself a zealous advocate. Thecurators of the university of Leyden offered him a professorship,which hedeclined ; as he also did an invitation from cardinal Riche-lieu to settle in France with the five liberty of his religion. lie diedin 1555, and was buried in Westminster abbey. Besides his Annals ,he published a Body of Divin.l v, lolio; I lie History of Goltes-i hale in Latin ; Antiquifalcs Ecclesianim Brilaniiicarum, folio; anEdition of the Epistles of Ignatius, Barnabas, and Polycarp , with

notes;