W A T

846 W A T

Gasses. Cubic Inches.

Carbonates of

Muriates of

Sulphates

of

Water.

oxy-

gen.

Carbo-nic acid.

Sulpli.

hydr.

Azo-

tic .

Soda.

Lime.

Mag

Iron

Soda.

Lime.

Mag

Pot-

ass.

Soda.

Lime.

Mac

Slicia,

I V

■j.

Seltzer.

8949

.3 j

13.068

-

5.22

78.3

0.32

_

13.74

_

_

_

_

_

—

~

Spa.

89-10

9.8

—

—

1.85

1.83 '4.35

0.70

0.21

—

—

—

—

—

— '

-

Pvrmont....

8930

_

19.6

—

_

_

4.3

9.8

0.70

1.7

—

_

—

8.38

5.44

—

—

Aix laChap.

8940

—

13.06

—

15.25

5.98

—

—

0.21

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—‘

Medvi.

8933

—

0.j3

8.71

—

—

—

—

0.92

0.11

—

—

—

—

_

—

—

Carlsbad ....

23320

—

50.

—

—

38.5

12.5

—

0.1$

32.5

—

_

—

00.75

—

—

2.25

—

-

Lem. lhiors

5810

—

.5

—

3.3

—

—

—

• 75

430.

—

11.5

—

15.2

11.2

—

—

—

Pouges.

921!,

—

16.7

—

—

10.4

12.4

1.2

—

2 2

—

—

_

—

—

—

3.2

0.35

Engliien....

92100

—

8,5

70.0

—

—

2! .4

1.35

—

2.4

—

8.0

._

—

33.3

15.8

—

—

r.u.

36804

—

5.

—

—

10 22

—

—

36.74

9.25

_

_

14.03

_

0.23

—

Geyzer.

10000

—

~

—

0.95

—

—

—

2.46

—

—

_

1.40

—

—

5.4

0.48

Uhleaborg

42250

_

0.

—

—

—

1.9

—

1.2

5.7

—

_

i

—

o.s

—

d.7

—

Teplisz.

22540

—

—

—

13.23

16.5

—

32.5

G1.3

28.5

—

_

—

—

—

15.1

—

Kilbounu...

138240

—

84.

36.

—

_

0.4

1,25

■'H

0.0

.0

12.S

_

28.2

13.0

91.0

—

—

.0

Bristol.

103043

3.

30.

—

_

13.5

—

-

4.

_

7.25

_

11.25

11.75

—

—

—

—

Tunbridge.

103043

1-4

10.6

4.

_

--

—

I.

0.5

—

2.25

_

—

1.25

—

—

—

—

Cheltenham

103043

103043

—

30.368

—

15.

_

—

—

5.

•A*

—

25.

_

480-

40.

—

—

—

—

Harrogate..

_

8.

19.

7.

—

18.5

5.5

61 5)5

13.

91.

_

—

—

10.5

—

—

—

V] offal.

103643! —

1.

10.

4.

—

—

—

—

3.0

—

—

-

—

—

—

—

_

One pint of the Hath water contains (according to the laboriousand delicate analysis of Mr. Philips),

Carbonic acid...1-jt inch.

Muriate of soda.3|. grains

Sulphate of soda.3.J do.

Sulphate of lime.,.9 do.

Carbonate of lime. do.

Silica

do.

Oxide of iron.do.

"WATER-SPOUT, an extraordinary meteor consisting of a largemass of water collected into a sort of column, and moved withrapidity along the surface of the sea. Mr. Zachary Main, inIxo. 213, of the Philosophical Transactions , gives us the following |general account of them. These appearances arc frequent abroad,but very seldom seen with us; at least, we have but little re-corded of them. The French call their, tronibs, I suppose from lthe figure and the noise that they make ; that word signifying asort of a humming top. They are certain elevations of water,during storms and tempests, reaching from the superficies of thesea to the clouds. They happen several ways ; sometimes thewater is seen to boil, and raise itself for a considerable spaceround about a foot from the surface, above which appears, as itwere, a thick and black smoke, in the midst of which is observed ja sort of stream, or pipe, resembling a tunnel, which arises ashigh as the clouds : at other times, these pipes, or tunnels, areobserved to come from the clouds, and suck up the water withgreat noise and violence. They move from the place wherethey were first gathered, according to the motion of the wind,and discharge themselves sometimes into the sea, to the unavoid-able destruction of such ships as are in their way, if they be smallvessels. Sometimes on the shore, beating down all they meet with,and raising the sand and stones to a prodigious height. ’Tis said,that vessels, that have any force, usually fire their guns at them,loaden with a bar of iron, and if they be so happy as to strikethem, the water is presently seen to run out of them with a mightynoise, but no further mischief. Mr. Gordon gives the followingaccount of a water-spout which he observed in the Downs: Thelatter end of March, 1701, between the hours of 10 and It, Iobserved a remarkable water-spout in the Downs. ( It bore N. byE. oil our ship, about two leagues distance by estimation; thewind at E. N. E. a top-sail gale, and very cold. The horizonwas entirely open and serene, except the northern parts thereoffrom N. N f . W. to N. E. by E. or thereabouts. The highest partof the cloud apjteared to make an angle of 43° of elevation.About one-half of the cloud, (viz. the upper) was very white,and the other extremely bleak. The spout itselt (which hungfrom the lower part of the whitish cloud) hovered up and downfor about 20 minutes, and during two or three minutes of thetime, that part of the sea, exactly under the spout, sparkled up.I'lie

leeward, (the cone of the spout moving that way, and making,it seems, u discharge, though not visible to us in its fall) and con-tinued running along for six ships’ length. Afterwards the bodyof the spout quickly contracted itself, and then disappeared.About two hours afterwards the heavens were entirely overcast,and during that afternoon there fell abundance of hail, anti bothwind and cold increased. I have seen several water-spouts in theMediterranean sea some years ago, and those usually during thetime of stark calm and 'hot summer-weather ; but to see one i»our northern climate at this time of the year, and during weatherboth cold and windy, is, I presume, a little unusual. A greatvariety of accounts of water-spouts illustrated with proper figures,are to be found in the writings of naturalists, but those given u>by the learned Dr. Mayow, which were drawn from nature seen 1calculated to convey the best idea of this phtrnomenon, whichthe following letters of reference explain. Figure 3, Plate CLlsX'is a large body of sea-water, rising aloft in the air from thesurface, in form of a mountain, and sometimes in form of a column,or pillar, the sea all in foam and rage round about to a con-siderable distance, cc, a thick cloud of aqueous particles, raisedto a great height in the air. dil, the vortex, in which it term,'nates about, cc, jj', the descending spout from the dark andthick cloud above, gg, the cloud, from whence the spout d e 'srends, in form of a cochlea, or whirl, by the vertiginous niotm 11of the air. Fig. 4, shews, that if the descending spout, or tube,should chance to be directly over an "eland, or beach, its lowefpart will be deilreted, or turned from the said island or shore t°the sea. The circumgyrations of air being interrupted by land,carry with them the lower part, and produce the same app eal *ances upon the water as before, the manner of which is betteunderstood from the figure than described. The following is a ,account of a very curious water-spout, lately observed near Oxhmby the Rev. W. M. Johnson, A. M of Ilcubuvy, near Bristol, 0|i _of the editors of this Encyclopa’dia. I le describes it in the foil 01 ',ing words:—“On the twenty-fourth of last April. (1811,) as l" a °riding into Oxford from Biistol, about five o’clock in the a ' te .noon, the day having been remarkably serene ami warm, l jalarmed by an unexpected and very loud peal of thunder bel> inme to the westward, and, looking round, l perceived the cloudsbe rapidly gathering together from all points of the conip as '’rushing against each other with great impetuosity, and discharge j>the electric fluid, with wdifch they were abundantly surcharge ’every instant. My son, whom I was going to enter at All ‘ 5 °, U ll j !

water to a considerable height.

: sparkling ran along to the

S t

; ted h> s

called my attention to an unusual phamomenon that attracts'notice ; it was an incipient water-spout, descending n ' a i cstlC ‘p a -from the dark dense clouds above in the form marked a in tl' egrain on the opposite page. After remaining a few minutes, "’ e j 3 ( |,eceived a cloud rising in the form of a large tree b from the t0 P ° can shilljdirectly under the spout, which gradually united with it by 111 ‘of two spiral lines, cc, like two immetv-e cables, with a slight sp ^