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the property of risins^ almost spontaneously above the place fromwhich they have fallen. “ Without accounting for the causes(says he) I will coniine myself to effects founded on experiments,and give some specimens of these principles, and of the conse-quences resulting therefrom. Let tig. 1, in Plate CLXXX1Lbe an empty tube, and stopped at bottom or top air-tight. If itbe immersed into water, and suddenly opened, the fluid will riseto a, fall to b, rise again to c, and so on till it fix itself at d ; whichis the level of the fluid. Let fig. 3, be a vertical section of achest fastened in a large reservoir or pond. Let the front-part abrevolving at i be in the position i‘2, if it fall suddenly at ?3, thewater will rise above its level, and a portion will How out of thechest. Let the front-part ah, in the situation z'4, be counterpoisedby a pendulum VO, in such a manner that, either at work or atrest, the gravity of VO be in the same constant ratio with thegravity of ab, then the least possible power impelling on O, willcommunicate motion to ab by the rods B and X, which have acommon centre at V. If the motion be alternate and regular.ub going up and down from 3 to 5, the water w ill rise as before,and enter an upper reservoir q ; besides the front-part ab strikingor impelling on the surface of the fluid at r, will form a wave,which will be able to raise a body Y, immersed at some distance,and the water withdrawing will abandon the body to its ownweight, which effect may be productive of a power. If the wateris prevented from going out of the chest, by the front-part beinglengthened as at c, this front-part being alternately and graduallyloaded with and unloaded from, the weight of water, will producea gradual and disposable power, which will be still greater if thechest be situated out of the reservoir, communicating with it byits back part only. If an empty vessel K intercept that commu-nication, the valve at 7 being suddenly opened, the water willrise to 9. If 7 be shut, and the valve 6 opened at the momentthe front-part ab falls from ;2, to io, 9 will fall in 8, and so on,so that if a body is immersed in the vessel K, it will producepower by going freely up anti down. Let a chest, (fig. 3,) withan aperture x in its circular bottom, he placed in a reservoir ; ifthat chest be suspended like a pendulum at A, or bearing likea cradle on fixed beams ab, or like a mangle on the (opof rollers cd without centres ; If I moVe the chest alternatelyand regularly in any of those manners, or otherwise, thewater will alternately rise out of the chest, and enter theupper reservoirs y and z. If the surrounding water be foundan obstacle to the motion, the chest may be placed out of the re-servoir, and be supplied by a syphon above, or a flexible pipeunder the chest, as seen at q and f (fig. 5.) That pipe corres-ponds with the aperture x (fig. 3.) Four or more of thesechests, a, (fig. 4,) may likewise be established on a floating cir-cular timber-work with apertures at x ; the intervals b between thechests being empty and inaccessible to the water, as seen in thesection (fig. 4,) No. 2. Then if a circular and alternate motionfrom 1 to 2 round the point A, he given, the water will rise andflow in the parts c, which belong to an upper reservoir d. Letfig. 5 he a ciiest with a flat or circular bottom hanging at >/, to abeam t/z, turning at X upon standards B. At z hangs anotherchest P ten teet high, and only a few inches thick, immersed inthe water, Xj/ being to X; as one to ten. If A contains 100 cu- !bit: feet of water, P ought to contain little less than 10 feet. ''Thebottom of A being nearly level to the surface l of the reservoir ;if the water enters gradually in A, the chest will descend in O,and raise P to S, P being suspended at x, and so contrivedthat its upper part when tilled be somewhat heavier, and whenempty somewhat lighter, than its under part, the consequencewill be, that when P is disengaged it turns at x, discharges itswater into R, and takes again its former upright situation. But itmust he observed, that of whatever materials P may be con-structed, it must lose a great part of its weight when in water,for instance, 100 pounds. In order to remedy that real disadvan-tage, I fix in the building a vessel I, containing 100 pounds ofwater on a surface only a few inches deep. To that vessel is fixedan upright pipe 2, united by a flexible pipe at 3 to another pipe 4,t'ed upon the part Xz ol the beam. Another pipe containing100 pounds of water is fastened to tlu* curved part of the beam ;by that means the gravity which P loses gradually entering intovr'er, is repaired gradually by the water entering the pipe 5, sothus an inverse ratio subsists constantly between P and a. When

A is arrived and fastened at O, the sluice or shuttle a of tire re-servoir, and that of b of the chest is opened, the front-part T, (figs,5 ami (j,) upon wdiich the water acts by its lateral pressure beingdisengaged, falls with an increasing power according to what hasbeen said at fig. 2: a rope or chain c fixed in K, turns a wheel Hby means of a book i, which catches the teeth of a ratchet m,one of the vessels 3 is raised in l, turns in r, and makes the sameeffect as P, (fig. ft.) If, continues the Count, I can raise a largequantity of water, lor instance at the height of one foot only, bythe means seen in figs. 2, 3, and 4, l can employ this water as animmediate power, acting on a common water-wheel ; but thepower which I can derive from the gravity of A, (fig. 5,) beingin the order of an arithmetical progression cannot act on machi-nery but by the mediate assistance of P, which raises the water tonearly 5 feet, f dispose accordingly an overshot breast-wheel,(figs. 7, S, and 9, in such a manner that the water be conveyed inone or two rows of buckets /, by one single or double trough b ;the water enters the buckets at ,r ; they are situated contrary' tothe usual way ; and their lower part is narrower than the upperpart as seen in fig. 9 ; the side-parts beveled or inclined so as toleave between them an interval, a, (fig. 9,) by which the wateris discharged, when each bucket is arrived at X, (fig 7,) only,which disposition increases considerably the power of the wheel Jbut to produce the best effect, the resistance arising from frictionought to be reduced as much as possible ; to that effect let A,(figs-7, 8, and 10,) lieu chest traversed by the gudgeon b of a wheel Ito that gudgeon is fixed a hollow cy liiuier d ; if the chest be filledwith an incompressible fluid, and if besides the cylinder displace avolume of that fluid, equal to the weight which in the usual wayis supported by the gudgeon, that weight will be totally trans-ported from the gudgeon to the fluid, and the friction arising fromgravity will be totally reduced. Instead of the cylinder d beinglixed to the axis, it may he independent ; the iron-axis or even(he wooden axle-tree, in that case turning on its periphery as seenin A2, and A3, (figs. 8, and II.) If a wheel be to revolve hori-zontally like a millstone, lire cylinder ought to be fixed either atthe under pail, or at the top of the axis. These wheels, which-ever of them I employ, must be provided with a cog-wheel whichturns a pinion, the axle of which is a crank, or another pinionwith teeth upon half-part only of its circumference ; which teeth,catching alternately the upper and under teeth of a double rake,give the vibration to the chests or front-paris by rods, whichmeans are already well known, The power which is destined toput in motion these different machines, described in figs. 2, 3, 4,3, and (j, ought to he considered only as a regulator which givesthe necessary velocity, engages and disengages at pleasure by anyknown means, and increases (lie effect in giving a regular and iso-chronal motion. From what has just been said in my specifi-cation above, it may lie concluded that the application of theforegoing principles may vary ad infinitum. At what height, inw hat quantity, and what expcnce of power, can the w ater be'raised,are likewise liable to great variations, and can only be ascertainedby experiment on large scales, and in open water.-” In situationswhere it is an object to raise water a few teet for the purpose ofdraining morasses, or of irrigating lands more elevated; we thinkit may he best effected by the horizontal wind-mills with a err.-Irilugal pump, of which we have given a representation in Plate(JLXXXI, figs. 3, 4. The machine here delineated, consists ofa windmill-sail, which is placed in an horizontal direction, similarto that of a smoke-jack, and is surrounded by an octagon-tower-The diverging rays of such tower, a, b, a, b, (fig. 4,) if on asmall scale, may be made of deals two inches in thickness; but,on a large plan, tlu-y should he constructed of brick-work.These upright pillars are connected by means of oblique boards,represented at A, 15, which are placed horizontally fiom pillar topillar, with respect to their length ; and at an angle of 43 degrees,with regard to their breadth ; so as to form a complete octagon,including the horizontal windmill-sail near the top:—as the windstrikes against any of such hoards, from whatever quarter, itbent upwards, and then acts upon the horizontal wind-sail. Far-ther, these boards may either he lixed in their respective situa-tions, or he made to turn upon an axis a little beneath their cen-tres of gravity, so as to close themselves on that side of theoctagon-tower, which is most distant from the wind. Below tl ,eshaft of the wind-sail, a centrifugal pump is fixed, with two arm s »

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