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YVEINMANNIA, in botany, a genus of plants of the classoctaudria, and order monogynia. Calyx four-leaved ; corolla four-petaled ; capsule two-celled, two-beaked. There are six species.

YY'EINSBERG, a town of Suabia , in YY’irtemberg, 25 milesN. ofStuttgard. Lon. 9. 15. E. Lat. 49. 15. N. ,

YY'EISBADEN, a town in the electorate of Mentz, 8 milesN. E. of Mentz. Lon. 8. 20. E. Lat. 49. 56, N.

WEISENHORN, a town of Austrian Suabia, capital of acounty so named; 11 miles S. E. of Ulm. Lon. 17. 49. E.Lat. 48. IS. N.

WEISSEMBURG, a town in the department of the LowerRhine, 10 miles S. W. of Landau, and 22 N. E. of Strasburg.Lon. 8. 11. E. Lat. 48. 53. N. •

YVeissemburg, a free imperial town of Franconia , in the bi-shopric of Aichstadt, 30 miles S. YV. of Nuremberg . Lon. 11.2. E. Lat. 49. 4. N.

YVeissemburg, a town of Saxony , 20 miles N. by W. of YVit-temburg. Lon. 12. 31. E. Lat. 52. 8. N.

YVeissemburg, or Weisenburg, a city of Transylvania , an-ciently called Alba Julia 35 miles W. of Ilermanstadt. Lon.24. 0. E. Lat. 46. 26. N.

YVeissemburg, or Stuhlweissf.mburg, a town of LowerHungary, 36 miles S- W. of Buda. Lon. 18. 30. E. Lat. 47. 22. N.

YVEISSENAU, a principality of Suabia , with an abbey,founded in 990 by a hermit, and since often richly endowed bythe emperors and dukes of Suabia .

YVE1SSENFELS, a town of Upper Saxony, in Misnia , 17miles S. YV. of Leipsic. Lon. 12. 15. E. Lat, 51. 9. N.

WELDING, beating metal into union. Welding is that inti-mate union produced between the surfaces of two pieces of mal-leable metal, when heated almost to fusion, and hammered. Thisunion is so strong, that when two bars of iron are properly weld-ed, the place of junction is as strong, relatively to its thickness, asany other part of the bar.

YY’ELL, in hydraulics, a hole under-ground, usually of a cy-lindrical figure, and walled with stone and mortar; its use is tocollect the water of the strata around it. See Well-Tube.

YY'ell, in ships, an apartment formed in the middle of a ship’shold to inclose the pumps, from the bottom to the lower deck. Itis used as a barrier to preserve those machines from being damagedby the friction or compression of the materials contained in thehold, and particularly to prevent the entrance of ballast, &c. bywhich the tubes would presently be choked, and the pumps ren-dered incapable of service. By means of this inclosure, the arti-ficers may likewise more readily descend into the hold, in orderto examine the state of the pumps, and repair them as occasionrequires.

VY'ell of a F ishing-Ve.ssel, an apartment in the middle ofthe hold, which is entirely detached from the rest, being linedwith lead on every side, and having tire bottom thereof penetratedwith a competent number of small holes, passing also through theship’s floor; so that the salt-water running into the well is alwayskept as fresh as that in the sea, and yet prevented from communi-cating itself to the other parts of the hold.

Well, in the military art, a depth which the miner sinksunder ground, with branches or galleries running out from it ;either to prepare a mine, or to discover and disappoint the enemy’smine.

YVell-IIole, in building, is the hole left in a floor for thestairs to come up through.

YVELLINGBOROUGH, an ancient city of England, in.Northamptonshire , reckoned the second in the county, 12 milesN. E. of Northampton . Lon. 0. 59. YV. Lat. 52. 16 . N.

WELLINGTON, a town of England, in Shropshire , 12 milesE. of Shrewsbury, and 152 N. W. of London . Lon. 2. 30. YV.LaL 52. 40. N.

YV Ellington, a town of Somersetshire , 15 miles N. E. ofExeter, 7 S. YV. of Taunton, and 147 S. YV. of London .

YVELLS, in geography, a city of Somersetshire , and see of abishop: the bishop of Bath being also bishop of Wells . Lon.2. 37- YV. Lat. 51. 12. N.

YVells, a town of the United States, in Maine , 88 miles N. E.of Boston . Lon. 72. 32. W. Lat. 43. 20. N.

YVell-Tube, an hydraulic instrument for procuring water, inalmost every situation, suggested by M. Cadet de Y’aux. He di-

rects the soil to be perforated with a borer: a wooden pipe is thento be placed in the hole, and driven down with a mallet; afterwhich the boring must be continued that a pipe may be driven toa greater depth. As the augur becomes filled with earth, it oughtto be draw'll up, and emptied ; so that, by the addition of freshportions of the pipe, the boring is carried to a considerable extentunder ground, and water is in most instances obtained. YVells,thus formed, are preferable to those dug in the usual manner ;being less expensive, while the supply of water is both copiousand certain. If wells be disused for a considerable lime, the wa-ter generally becomes foul: the ambient atmosphere is corrupted;and thus arise mephitic vapours which have olten proved fatal toanimal-life. Hence it has been suggested, to employ a pair ofsmith’s bellows and a tube; but as these are too bulky to be con-veniently carried to any distance, and often cannot be procured onthe spur of the occasion, Mr. Salmon, of Canterbury, has invent-ed the following apparatus, for dispersing noxious air from wells.This ingenious contrivance merits the notice of our country-read-ers; as it is not very expensive, and will prevent many fatalaccidents. A, B, C, D, E, F, (Plate CLXXUI, fig. 4,) re-present six lengths of a metal-pipe, each eight feet long, and twoinches in diameter: all these joints (except that marked F, whichis made of copper, for the better support of heat) are made oftin-plate. G, is a tin-kettle, or vessel containing about two gallons,that is fastened to the upper pipe F, and the sides of which areperforated for the admission of air, and consequently for support-ing the fire. This vessel must be fixed in such a direction as tohave at least five feet of the pipe above its top. II, is a conicalcap, designed to confine the heat to the sides of the tube. Whenthe machine is applied to the well, a wire must be passed throughthe holes a, a, in the upper part of the length A, and in the lowerextremity of B, the joint ought to be luted with putty, to renderit air-tight; the upper end of each joint should be covered withwire, to prevent it from bending; and to form a receptacle forthe putty. The other lengths are then to be managed in a similarmanner, till that marked A reach nearly to the surface of thewater. The vessel G, ought to be placed on two pieces of tim-ber laid across the well. The apparatus, being now fixed, willspeedily be filled with the foul air extracted from the well: andas the gravity of the external and internal air is equal, they be-come stationary. Burning coal or wood must next be put into thekettle G; by which the copper-tube, F, is heated; and, the in-ternal air being rarefied, while the external air presses downward,the noxious vapours are gradually dissipated; and a purer ele-ment is introduced into the well, whence it issues during the con-tinuance of the fire. Mr. Salmon remarks, that however smallthe current of air passing out of the funnel or pipe, F, may ap-pear, the effect is considerable; because such discharge consistswholly of noxious vapour; whereas ten gallons of fresh air areprobably blown into the well, by means of the common bellowsand leather-pipe, before two gallons of mephitic vapour are re-moved. Such purification will be still more effectual, if the fire-kettle G, be placed at D, when the internal air becomes morerarefied ; it ought, however, to be remarked, that this advantageis over-balanced by the atmosphere being rendered unfit for re-spiration, in consequence of the suffocating properties of thecharcoal.

YVEESHPOOL, a town of N. YVales, in Montgomeryshire,9 miles YV. of Shrewsbury, and 169 N. W. of London . Lon.3. 5. YV. 52. 33. N.

YYEM, a town of England, in Shropshire , 9 miles N. ofShrewsbury, and 164 N. YV. of London . Lon. 2. 40. YV.Lat. 52. 10. N.

YVEMBEL1NGEN, a town of Upper Bavaria , 10 miles E. ofNordlingen .

YY’EN, a tumor arising on any part of the body, and contain-ing a cystus or bag filled with some peculiar kind of matter. SeeNjevus.

YVENDOVER, a borough of England, in Buckinghamshire ,

7 miles S. E. of Ailesbury. Lon. 0. 35. YV. Lat. 56. 41. N.

YVEN LOCK, a borough in Shropshire , 12 miles S. E. oShrewsbury . Lon. 2. 30. YY’. Lat. 52. 36. N.

YVENNF.R, the largest lake of Sweden, in YV. Gothland , onthe N. YV. of lakeYVetter. It is ICO miles long, and, in someplaces, 40 broad.

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