WO I.

870 WOL

Shall no other case in our law. But Sir Edward Coke mentionssome others; as, to try whether the tenant in a real action wasduly summoned, or the validity of a challenge to a juror ; so thatFinch’s observation must be confined to the trial ot direct and notcollateral issues. And in every case Sir Edward Coke lays itdown, that the affirmative must be proved by two witnesses at theleast.

WITNEY, a town of Oxfordshire , 8 miles N. W. of Ox-ford, and 64 \V. N. W. of London . Lon. 1 . 18. W. Lat. 51,52. N.

WITSENTA, in botany, a genus of the triandria monogyniaclass and order. Natural order, Ensatas. Corolla one-petaled, cylin-drical, six-parted ; stigma emarginate ; capsule superior. Thereis only one species ; viz. W. maura, a native of the Cape ofGood Hope .

WITTENBURG, a city of upper Saxony , 50 miles N. ofDresden . Lon. 12 . 47. E. Lat. 51. 49. N.

WIVELSCOMB, or WIVLESCOMB, a town of Somerset-shire; 11 miles W. of Taunton . Lon. 3. 28. W. Lat. 51.4. N.

WLODZIMIERZ, or WLOSIMEITZ, a town of the latekingdom of .Poland, in Volhynia , 56 miles N. of Lemburg, and36 W. of Lucko.

WOAD, in botany. See Isatis.

WOBURN, a town of Bedfordshire , 42 miles N. N. W. ofLondon . Lon. 0 . 32. W. Lat. 52.2. N.

WODAN, or WODEN. See Odin, Mythology, and Po-lytheism .

WOLAW, a principality of Silesia, bounded on the N. bythat of Glogau, E. by Poland , and Oels, and S. by Bres-lavv.

Wolaw, a town of Silesia, capital of the duchy, 20 miles N.W. of Breslaw. Lon. 16 . 54. E. Lat. 51. 18. N.

WOLF, in zoology. See Canis.

WOLFE, James, a celebrated commander, was the son ofGeneral Edward Wolfe, and born at Westerham, in Rent , in1726. He entered young into the army, and possessing greatmilitary talents, improved by assiduity and experience, soon dis-tinguished himself as a brave and skilful officer. He was presentat the battle of Laseldt, and in every subsequent engagement inGermany , in the war which terminated at the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. When lieutenant-colonel of Kingsley’s regiment, hebrought it to such exact discipline, that as long as the six battalionson the plain of Mindenare recorded in history', the stand of thatregiment will be remembered to his honour. He was greatly in-strumental to the taking of Louisburg, and was scarcely returnedfrom thence when he was appointed to the chief command of theimportant expedition against Quebec in 1759. This undertakingafforded ample scope for the exercise of his great military talents.But he was mortally wounded in the moment of victory, on thenews of which he lifted up his eyes to heaven, and said, “ I thankGod ; I die contented.” There is a fine monument to his me-mory in Westminster abbey ; and WooIIet engraved a beautifulpicture of his death, from a painting by West.

Wolfe, (John Christian) or Wolfius, was born at Breslawin 1669. He studied first at Jena, and afterwards at Leipsic, wherehe published a Thesis on the manner of Studying Philosophy. In1707 he became professor of mathematics at Halle, and in 1721was appointed counsellor to the court of the king of Prussia. Butsome of his metaphysical opinions giving offence to the faculty oftheology, he was banished from Halle, on which he removed toMarpurg , where he obtained a professorship with the title ofaulic counsellor to the prince of Hesse. He was also honouredwith marks of distinction by the king of Sweden , and was electeda member of (he academy of sciences at Paris , and of that of Pe-tersburg. In 1741 ire was recalled by Frederic HI. king ofPrussia, who appointed him privy-counsellor, vice-chancellor,and professor of the law of nature and nations. Ilewasafter-W’ards made chancellor of the university, and the elector ot Ba-varia created him a baron. lie died at Halle in 1754. 13is

principal works are, a course of Mathematics, 2 vols. 4to. Philo-sopliia Rationalis, sive Logica , 4to. A System of Metaphysics,4to. Jus Naturae, 8 vols. 4to. Jus Gentium, 4to. Horre Suc-cesses Magdeburgenses ; Dictionary of the Mathematics, 8 vo.Specimen Physicat ad Theologiam Naturalem Applicatae, 8 vo.

His Latin style is barbarous, but his ideas are profound, and oftenobscure.

WOLFENBUTTEL, a town in Lower Saxony , and duchyof Brunswick, five miles S. of Brunswick . Lon. 10 . 42. E. Lat.52. 18. N.

WOLFRAM, in mineralogy, is a species of slone of an in-termediate colour between dark-greyish black and brownish black,sometimes inclining to velvet-black. It occurs massive and alsocrystallized ; specific gravity somewhere between six and seven.Tt decrepitates before the blow-pipe, and is infusible even withborax. Specimens have been analyzed by several chemists ; ac-cording to Klaproth it consists of

Molybdic acid... 46,9

Oxide of iron....;. 31.3

Loss.-.21.9

100.0

WOLFSBANE. See Aconitum.

WOLFSPERG, a town in lower Carinthia, 36 miles E. ofClagenfurt. Lon. 15. 0 . E. Lat. 46. 56. N.

WOLGAST, a town of Swedish Pomerania, capital of a terri-tory of the same name. Lon. 14. 4. E. Lat. 54. 1 . N.

WOLKOSKIO, a town ofRussia, in Novgorodskoi, 100 milesS. E. of Novogorod. Lon. 34. 10 . E. Lat. 57, 30. N.

WOLKOWSKA, a town of Lithuania , in the palatinate ofNovogrodeck, 23 miles S. E. of Grodno . Lon. 24. 46. E. Lat.53. 4. N.

WOLLASTON, William, descended of an ancient familyin Staffordshire , was born in 1659. He was in 1674 admitted apensioner in Sidney college, Cambridge. In 1682, he becameassistant to the head-master of Birmingham school. Some timeafter, he got a small lecture about two miles distant, but didthe duty the whole Sunday ; which, together with the business ofa great free-school for about four years, began to break his con-stitution. During this space he likewise underwent a great dealof trouble and uneasiness, to extricate two of his brothers fromsome inconveniences, to which their own imprudence hadsubjected them. In 1688 affairs took a new turn. He foundhimself by a cousin’s will intitled to a very ample estate ; andcame .to London that same year, where he settled ; choosing aprivate, retired, and studious life. Not long before his death, h&published his treatise, intituled, “ The Religion of Nature De-lineated ; a work for which so great a demand was made, that morethan 10,000 copies were sold in a very few years. He had scarcelycompleted the publication of it, when he unfortunately broke anarm ; and this adding strength to distempers that had been grow-ing upon him for some lime, accelerated his death. lie died the29th October, 1724.

WOLLER, a town of Northumberland , 14. miles S. of Ber-wick. Lon 1 . 46. W. Lat. 55. 34. N.

W O L LSTO N EC 11 A FT, Mary, an extraordinary writer,born at Beverley, in Yorkshire , in 1768. Her Father havingruined his fortune, she opened a school at Islington , in her 24thyear, which was soon after transferred to Newington Green. Shehad for her partner a young lady to whom she was greatly attached,and whom, in 1785, she accompanied to Lisbon . On her returnto England she became governess to Lord Kingsborough ’s daugh-ters. I 11 1787, she again settled in London , and lived by her pen.She published “ Original Stories from real Life, for the use ofChildren,” a translation from the French and German . She nexthad some concern in the Analytical Review. In 1790, she pub-lished an “Answer to Burke’s ltellections on the French Revolu-tion and in 1791. her “ Vindication of the Rights of Women.”In 1792, she went to Paris , where she formed an unfortunateconnection with an American gentleman, by whom she had adaughter. For him she undertook a voyage to Norway to regu-late some commercial concerns. This tour occasioned her “ Let-ters from Scandinavia . On her return to England, she found her-self deserted by this villain, on whom she had placed an unrequitedaffection. I 11 a fit of despair, she plunged into the Thames , fromPutney Bridge. She was saved, and restored to life. In 1796,she was married to Mr. Godwin, the author of “ Political Justice,”and'other works. She died in child birth in Aug. 1797. Her

posthumours