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that he ordered, that whoever was desirous of changing them, «should be obliged, when he made the proposal, to have a cordabout his neck, that lie might be immediately strangled, if thosealterations were esteemed no belter than the laws already establish-ed. Diodorus Siculus attributes the same thing to Charondas ,legislator of the Sybarites. Zaleucus also enacted some humoroussumptuary laws. See Sumptuary.

ZAMA, in ancient geography, a town of Numidia : it was oneof the royal residences of the kings of Numidia , hence calledZama Regia. It stood in a plain ; was strorigrr by art thannature; richly supplied with every necessary ; and abounding inmen, and every weapon of war. This is the famous Zama, 1 re-markable for the decisive battle fought between the two greatestcommanders in the world, Hannibal the Carthaginian, and ScipioAfricamis.

ZAM1A, a genus of the natural order Palma;. Amentumshobile-shapccl, scales with pollen underneath ; female amentumshobile-shaped, with scales at each margin ; berry solitary. Thereare five species.

ZAMORA, a considerable and strong town of Spain , in Leon ;35 miles from Salamanca, and 150 N. W. of Madrid . Lon. 5. 18.W. Lat. 41. 41. N.

ZAMOSK1, a strong town of the late Poland , in the palatinateof Belsk, now in Galicia, formerly Red Russia , 37 miles fromDemburg. Lon. 23. 26. E. Lat. 50. 51. N.

ZANEY’S CAVE, an extraordinary cavern of Virginia, in theNorth Mountain, Frederic County. The entrance is from thetop of an extensive ridge. The descent is forty feet down into adeep pit, from the bottom of which the cave extends horizontallyfour hundred feet, preserving a breadth of from twenty to fiftyfeet, and a height of from five to ten feet. After entering thiscave, the mercury in Fahrenheit’s thermometer, which in the openair is at 40°, rises to 57°.

ZANGUEBAR, a country of Africa , on the coast, between 3°of N. lat. and 18° S. The names of the principal territories areMombaza, Lamo, Melinda, Quiloa , and Mosambiqrie. ThePortuguese have built several forts in Mombaza and Mosambique,and have settled several colonies there. They trade with the ne-groes for slaves, ivory, gold, ostrich-feathers, wax, and drugs.The productions are much the same as in other parts of Africa between the tropics.

ZANICHELLI, John Jerome, a learned Italian physicianand botanist, born at Modena , in 1662. He settled at Venicewith great reputation. He wrote, l.Catalogus Plantarum terres-trium marinarum, &c. 8vo. 2. Promptuarium flemediorum C'liy-micorum, 8vo. 3. De MyriophiUo Pulagice. 4, Lithographia2m. Montium Veronensium, &c. 5. De Ruseo ejnsq. Pra-para-

tione, 8vo. 6. Opuscula Botanies, 4to. 7. History of Plantsgrowing round Venice, fob He died in 1729.

ZAMGHELLIA, Triple-headed Pond-weed •, in botany,a genus of plants, in the class moncecia, and order monandria’ ; jnatural order lnundata:. Male, flower consists only of a singlestamen; it has neither calyx nor corolla: female, flower, calyxcomposed of a single leaf; no corolla ; germina four ; seeds many,oblong, acuminated. It has but one species.

ZANNONIA, in botany, a genus of plants of the class dioecia,and order pentandria. Calyx three-leaved ; corolla five-parted :female, styles three; berry three-celled, inferior; seeds two ineach cell. It lias but one species, viz. Z. Indica , a native ofMalabar.

ZANOTTI, Francis Marta, Gazazzont, an eminent philo-sopher, born at Bologna in 1692. He was educated among theJesuits, -studied the law, and at last mathematics under Beccari.In 1716 he became secretary to the senate of Bologna, and in1718, professor of mathematics. He introduced the NewtonianSystem instead of the Cartesian . He was made librarian to theInstitute , and compiled two catalogues of its books. In 1766 hewas president. He wrote various philosophical works, ami diedin 1777.

ZANTE, an island of the Mediterranean, near the coast of theMorea, 19 miles S. E. of Ceplialonia; now included in the newrepublic of the Seven [-lands.

Zante, the capital of the above island, lies on the east coast,^nd lias a good harbour. Lon. 21. 3. E. Lat. 37. 53. N.ZANT'HOXYLUM, the Toothach-tr.ee ; in botany, a

genus of plants of the class dioecia, and order pentandria ; naturaorder Hederacete. Calyx quinquepartite ; corolla none : female,flowers, pistilla five, with as many monospermons capsules. Maleand female flowers on distinct plants. Male flowers have five sta-mina. There are two species, viz. Z, clava Ilerculis, the Her-cules’s club toothach-lree ; and Z. trifolialum, the three-leavedtoothach-tree. They are both foreign plants.

ZANZIBAR, an island ami kingdom of Africa , on the eastcoast of Zanguebar, between the isles of Pemba and Moncia ;supposed to lie the ancient Menutliias. Lon. 38. 25. E. Lat. 6. 0. N,

ZAPATA, a feast or ceremony held in Italy , in the courts of acertain princess, on St. Nicholas’s day, wherein people hide pre-sents in the shoes or slippers of those they would do honour to, insuch a manner as may surprise them on the morrow when theycome to dress; being done in imitation of the practice of St.Nicholas, who used in the night-time to throw purses of money inat the windows to marry poor maids withal.

ZARA, or KOTAR, a county on the sea-coast, in Dal-matia .

Zara, an ancient and strong city of Maritime Austria, capitalof the above county, anciently called Jadera, and Diadora, 150miles S. E of Venic-e. Lon. 16 . 6. E. Lat. 44. 30. N.

ZARATE, Augustine, a Spanish historian. In 1543 he wassent to Peru , as treasurer of the Indies, and on his return was em-ployed in the Netherlands . He wrote A History of the Disco-very and Conquest of Peru, Antwerp, 8vo. 1555. A French translation was primed at Amsterdam in 1700, 2 vols. 12mo.

ZATMAR, a county of Upper Hungary, partly on an island inthe Samos, partly on the continent.

| Zatmar, the capital of the above county. It is 50 miles E.

\ hv S. of Tokay, and 130 E. of Buda. Lon. 22. 34. E. Lat. 47.

| 50. N.

| ZATOR, a town of the late kingdom of Poland, 20 miles! S. W. of Cracow , and 50 S. E. of Ratibor. Lon. 25. 46. E. Lat.

! 49. 46. N.

! ZAV1DEI, an island of Russia , in the month of the Gulf ofTchaunskaia, in the Frozen Sea, 60 miles in circumference.

ZEA, Indian Corn ; in botany, a genus of plants of the classmoncecia, and order triandria. Male flowers placed on distinctspikes; calyx a biflorous, beardless glume ; corolla, a beardlessglume; female calyx a bivalve glume, as is the corolla; stylependulous; seeds solitary, buried in an oblong receptacle. Thereis only one species, viz.

Z. Mays, Maize, The Indians in New England , and manyother parts of America , had no other vegetable but maize, or In-dian corn, for making their bread. They call it weichin ; and inthe United States of America there is much of the bread of thecountry made of this grain, not of the European corn. In Italy and Germany also there is a species of maize which is the food ofthe poor inhabitants. The ear of the maize vields a much greaterquantity of grain than any of our corn-ears. There are commonlyabout eight rows of grain in die ear, often more, if the ground begood. Each of these rows contains at least thirty grains, andeach of these gives much more flour than a grain of any of ourcorn. The grains are usually either white or yellowish ; butsometimes they are red, bluish, greenish, or olive-coloured, andsometime 5 .striped and variegated. This sort of grain, though soessentially necessary to the natives of the country, is yet liable tomany accidents. It does not ripen till the end of September, sothat the rains often fall heavy upon it while on the stalk, and thebirds in general peck it when it is soft and unripe. To defend itfrom these accidents, it is covered with a thick husk, which keepsoff slight rains very well ; but the birds, if not frighted away, ofteneat through it, and devour great quantities of the grain. There arethree or four varieties of maize in America .

ZEAL, a term most frequently used to denote a strong andwarm attachment to the distinguishing doctrines and worship ofsome particular sect of Christians.

ZEALAND, the chief of the Danish islands, situated at theentrance of the Baltic Sea , bounded by the Schaggerrac Sea onthe north, by the Sound, which separates it from Scironen, on theeast, by the Baltic Sea oh the south, and by the Great Belt , whichseparates it from the island of Fiinen, on the west, being of around figure, near 200 miles in circumference : the chief town isCopenhagen .

Zealanp.