124 Tfo Ordonance of the Part II.

Ch. VIII. Very close, the Intercolumnations being no more than a Diameter,and a half of the Column ; the second was call’d Sy'style, wherethe Columns were not quite so close, the Intercolumnations beingtwo Diameters; the third was call’d Eustyle, where they weremoderately close, the Intercolumnation being two Diameters anda quarter ; the fourth was calfd Diastyle, where they were a lit-tle wider, and the Intercolumnation or three Diameters; and thehfth was ealsd Aræostyle, where the Columns were far distant,the Intercolumnation being four Diameters. Now this addition-al Sixth, may be said to partake of the two extreme Kinds, be-fore mention d, namely, of the Pycnostle, where the Columnsare very close, and of the Aræostyle, where they are very wide zand that this Disposition of Columns, which can only be reputedabusive, because the Ancients , did not use it, may be placed in thenumber of several other things of the like Nature, which Customhas authorised, and of which, Mention was made at the Beginningof this Chapter.

The fourth Abuse is the enlarging of the Metopes, in the DoricOrder; to give the Intercolumnations those Breadths we may haveneed of. For if, for Instance, we would couple two Columns, wemust necessarily set the Triglyphs further asunder, and enlarge theMetope 5 the Space between the Middle of one Triglyph, and theMiddle of the other, being much less than that between the Mid-dle of one Column, and the Middle of the other, how near soeverthey are placed. Now the Ancients were very scrupulous of makingthis Enlargement, VitruYms fays that (pytheus and Tarchefius y twofamous Architects of Antiquity , on this very Account, thought thisOrder might not be made use of in Temples. Hermogenes y who,on other Occasions, dilpens’d with the Ancient Rules, could neverresolve with himself to take any Liberty in the Doric Order, for, ha-ving got together a great Quantity of Marble, for building a Tem-ple to Bacchus, he quitted the Design he had to make it of theDoric Order, and made it of the Ionic. The Moderns have beenmore bold ; Palladio , in the Palace of Count Valerio, which wasmention’d before, has inlarg’d the Metopes, in the middle Interco-lumnation of the Portico, to make it somewhat larger than the ci-ther Intercolumnations, which have two Triglyphs; and this hehas done without any other Reason, or Necessity, than because hewould not inlarge his middle Intercolumnation, lo much as he musthave done to receive three Triglyphs; which, however, ought tohave been done, according to the Rules VitruYms gives for Porticosof the Doric Order, where he puts three Triglyphs in the middleIntercolumnation, though the other Intercolumnations have but one.The skilful Architect of the Portail of S. GerVais, which is one of

t the