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Nos. 15 and 16, the rail rested on a piece of wood,triangular in section, fitting the bottom of the sleeper.Another piece of wood was put at the side, and the rail was heldin its proper position by means of a wooden key driven in at theother side, as in an ordinary chair.

Nos. 17 and 18, are timber-bedded sleepers; the insidesof the castings being serrated to receive the timber beddingsholding the rail.

No. 19, is similar in principle to those in Nos. 17 and 18;several openings being left in the sides so as to economisethe weight of metal. Sleepers of this description have beenlaid down on the Eastern Counties Railway now about sevenyears.

Nos. 20 and 21, have cast-iron jaws to receive woodcushions, similar to timber-bedded sleepers. The inside surfacesof the jaws are made with projecting toothings, which securelyhold the timber.

No. 22 is a transverse sleeper, made to receive woodencushions to hold the rail.

No. 23, is made so as to carry an ordinary? cast-ironrailway chair. A layer of cork one inch thick, and the samesize as the bottom of the chair, was placed, together with thechair, into a recess in the sleeper, and fastened down with boltsand nuts.

No. 24, is made so that one end of the casting mayrest and take a bearing upon the ballast, and the other endbe spiked on to a piece of wood triangular in section, and actingas a tie-bar; small wood cushions for the rail to rest upon areplaced in recesses in the sleeper, and the rail keyed up as in anordinary chair.

Nos. 25 and 26, are inverted cup-shaped, surface-packedsleepers. The rail rested upon the cast-iron, and was keyedup in the usual manner. In each casting there was a channelfor a tie-bar.