PROVINCES UNDER AURANGZEB . 369

of which close on 38 millions were from Indian Provinces. 1 HighestThe total revenue of Aurangzeb was estimated in 1693 at 80 total „millions, and in 1697 at 77J millions sterling. 2 The gross millions,taxation levied from British India, deducting the opium excise, i 6 95-which is paid by the Chinese consumer, averaged 35-3- millionssterling during the ten years ending 1879; and 40-J millionsfrom 1879 to 1883. The following table, and that on p. 357,showing the growth of the revenues of the Mughal Empire from Akbar to Aurangzeb , may be contrasted with the taxationof British India, as given in chapter xv.

1 Provinces of the Delhi Empire under Aurangzeb .

Land Revenue of

Aurangzeb

Land Revenue of Aurangzeb

IIs

1697 (according to Manucci).

in 1707 (according to Ramusio ).

Rupees.

Rupees.

I.

Delhi,.

12,550,000

1.

Delhi, .

• 30,548,753

2.

Agra , .

22.203,550

2.

Agra , .

. 28,669,003

3-

Lahore ,

23,305,000

3-

Ajmere,

. 16,308,634

4-

Ajmere,

21,900,002

4-

Allahabad , .

. 11,413,581

5-

Gujarat ,

23.395,000

5'

Punjab,

■ 20,653,302

6.

Malwa,

9,906,250

6.

Oudh,.

• 8,058,195

7-

Behar,

12,150,000

7-

Multan ,

• 5,361,073

8.

Multan ,

5,025,000

8.

Gujarat ,

. 15,196,228

9-

Tatta (Sind ),

6,002,000

9-

Behar,

. 10,179,025

10.

Bakar,

2,400,000

IO.

Sind , .

. 2,295,420

II.

Orissa ,

5,707,500

II.

Daulatabad,

• 25,873,627

12.

Allahabad , .

7,738,000

12.

Malwa,

• 10,097,541

13-

Deccan,

16,204,750

13-

Berar,.

. 15,350,625

14.

Berar,.

15,807,500

14.

Khandesh, .

. 11,215,750

i5-

Khandesh, .

11,105,000

15-

Bidar ,

• 9,324,359

16.

Baglana,

6,885,000

l6.

Bengal ,

• 13,115,906

17-

Nande (Nandair),

7,200,000

i7.

Orissa ,

• 3,570,500

18.

Bengal ,

40,000,000

18.

Haidarabad ,

. 27,834,000

19.

Ujjain ,

20,000,000

19-

Bijapur ,

• 26,957,625

20.

Rajmabal, .

10,050,000

21.

Bijapur ,

50,000,000

Total,

. 292,023,147

22.

Golconda , .

50,000,000

20.

Kashmir,

. 5,747,734

21.

Kabul ,

• 4,025,983

Total,

379,534,552

23-

Kashmir,

3,5°5, 000

Grand Total,

■ 3 OI >796,864

24.

Kabul ,

3,207,250

or ^30,179,686

Grand Total, .

386,246,802

or

.£38,624,680

The above lists are taken from Mr. Edward Thomas ’ Revemte Resourcesof the Mughal Empire , pp. 46 and 50. The whole subject is admirablydiscussed in his chapter entitled ‘Aurangzeb ’s Revenues,’pp. 33 et seq.The four returns of the land revenue for his reign are, nett, 24 millionsin 1655; 34s millions in later official documents; 38J millions in 1697;30 millions in 1707.

2 Mr. Edward Thomas ’ Revenue Resources of the Mughal Empire , p. 54,etc. (1871)—at nominal rate of 2S. to the rupee : but see p. 354.