432 EARLY EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTS.

Trade to

Bengal,

1634.

Bantam

Presi-

dency,

1635-

Madras

founded,

1639.

Hugh,

1640.

of the oppressions of the native governors, for a time aban-doned in favour of Armagaon, which now mounted 12 guns,and had 23 factors and agents. In 1629, our factory atBantam in Java was re-established as an agency subordinate toSurat ; and in 1630, Armagaon, reinforced by 20 soldiers,was also placed under the Presidency of Surat . In 1632, theEnglish factory was re-established at Masulipatam , under agrant, the 1 Golden Firman,’ from the King of Golconda. In1634, by a farman dated February 2, the Company obtainedfrom the Great Mughal liberty to trade in Bengal. But theirships were to resort only to Pippli in Orissa , now left far inlandby the sea. The Portuguese were in the same year expelledfor a time from Bengal.

In 1634-35, the English factory at Bantam in Java wasagain raised to an independent Presidency, and an agencywas established at Tatta, or ‘Scindy.’ In 1637, Courten’sAssociation (chartered 1635) settled agencies at Goa , Baticala,Karwar, Achfn, and Rajapur. Its ships had the year beforeplundered some native vessels at Surat and Diu. This actdisgraced the Company with the Mughal authorities (whocould not comprehend the distinction between the Companyand the Association), and depressed the English trade withSurat , while that of the Dutch proportionately increased.

In 1638, Armagaon was abandoned as unsuited for commerce;and in 1639, Fort St. George, or Madaraspatam (Chennapat-am), 1 was founded by Francis Day, and the factors at Armagaonwere removed to it. It was made subordinate to Bantam inJava , until raised in 1653 to the rank of a Presidency. In1640, the Company established an agency at Bussorah, anda factory at Karwar. Trade having much extended, theCompany’s yard at Deptford was found too small for theirships, and they purchased some copyhold ground at Blackwa- 11 ,which at that time was a waste marsh, without an inhabitant.Here they opened another dockyard, in which was built theRoyal George , of 1200 tons, the largest ship up to that timeconstructed in England.

Our factory at Huglf in Bengal was established in 1640, andat Balasor in 1642. In 1645, consequence of professionalservices rendered by Mr. Gabriel Boughton, surgeon of theHopewell, to the Emperor Shah Jahan , additional privileges

1 Bishop Caldwell derives Madras from the Telugu maduru , the sur-rounding wall of a fort. It took its native name of Chennapatam fromChennappa, the father-in-law of the Nayakkur or Chief of Chengalpat.Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Languages , p. 10 (ed. 1875).