CLIVES SECOND GOVERNORSHIP.

4SS

Oudh at the feet of the conquerors, and brought the Mughal Emperor a suppliant to the English camp.

Meanwhile, the Council at Calcutta had twice found the Clive ’sopportunity they loved of selling the government of Bengal Qo°" r d norto a new Nawab. But in 1765, Clive (now' Baron Clive of ship,Plassey in the peerage of Ireland ) arrived at Calcutta , as 1 765-67.Governor of Bengal for the second time. Two landmarksstand out in his policy. First, he sought the substance,although not the name, of territorial power, under the fictionof a grant from the Mughal Emperor . Second, he desiredto purify the Company’s service, by prohibiting illicit gains,and by guaranteeing a reasonable pay from honest sources.

In neither respect were his plans carried out by his immediatesuccessors. But the beginning of our Indian rule dates fromthis second Governorship of Clive , as our military supremacyhad dated from his victory at Plassey.

Clive landed, advanced rapidly up from Calcutta to Allah- Clive’sabad, and there settled in person the fate of nearly half of partition ofIndia . Oudh was given back to the Nawab Wazir, on con- valley,dition of his paying half a million sterling towards the expenses 1765.of the war. The Provinces of Allahabad and Kora, 1 formingthe greater part of the Doab, were handed over to Shah Alam,the Delhi Emperor, who in his turn granted to the Companythe dtwdni or fiscal administration of Bengal , Behar, and DlwaniOrissa, together with the Northern Circars of Madras. Apuppet Nawab was still maintained at Murshidabad , with an ij 6 $.annual allowance from us of jQ 600,000. Half that amount,or about ^300,000, we paid to the Emperor as tribute fromBengal . 2 Thus was constituted the dual system of govern-ment, by which the English received the revenues of Bengal and undertook to maintain the army; while the criminal juris-diction, or nizamat , was vested in the Nawab. In Indian phraseology, the Company was diwdn , and the Nawab wasnizdm. The actual collection of the revenues still remainedfor some years in the hands of native officials.

Clive ’s other great task was the reorganization of the Com- Clive’spany’s service. All the officers, civil and military alike, weretainted with the common corruption. Their legal salaries were of the

Company’s

1 The ‘Corah’ of the E. I. Company's records; the capital of anancient Muhammadan governorship, now a decayed town in Fatehpur District . See article Kora in The Imperial Gazetteer of India.

2 The exact sums were Sikka Rs. 5,386,131 to the Nawab, and SikkaRs. 2,600,000 to the Emperor .