83 2

INDEX.

L

Labour and land, Relation between, informer times and at the present day inIndia , 83, 84.

La Bourdonnais, capture of Madras bya French squadron under the commandof (1746), 444, 445.

La Croze’s Histoire du Christiamsme desIndes, 282 (footnote); 291 (footnote);292 (footnotes); 293 (footnotes).

Lac industry, 612, 613 ; export of lacand lac-dye, 679.

Lahore , Bishopric of, founded, 315.

Lake , Lord, victories over the Marathasat Laswari and Dig, 381 ; 468.

Lakshman Sen, last independent HinduKing of Bengal, his overthrow byMuhammad of Ghor (1203 A.D.),33 °-

Lal Kavi, Hindi poet of Bundelkhand in the 17th century, and author of theChhatra Prakas, 404.

Lally, Defeat of, at Wandewash by Coote(1761), 447; siege and surrender ofPondicherri and Gingi, 447.

Lancaster , James, commanded in firstEnglish voyage to Asia , 429.

Land-making powers of deltaic rivers,

54 - 59 -

Land revenue of India under the Mughals ,353-357 ; 363 ; land revenue of BritishIndia, 534.

Land Settlement, 517-534; ancient landsettlement of India , 517 ; Musalman land-tax, 518; the Company’s effortsat land settlement, 518; growth ofprivate rights, 519; the PermanentSettlement of Bengal (1793), 520;rights of the cultivators and intermedi-ate tenure-holders, $21, 522 ; oppres-sion of the cultivators, 522; land reformof 1859, 523; the Rent Commission(1879), and further schemes for reform,523, 524; temporary Settlement inOrissa , 524; yearly Settlement inAssam , 524; Madras rdyatwarl Settle-ment, 525 ; ‘ Survey ’ tenure of Bom­ bay , 528; Southern India Agricultur-ists’ Relief Acts (1879 and 1881), 529 ;land system of the N.-W. Provincesand the Punjab , 533; talukdars ofOudh, 533 ; land system of the CentralProvinces, 534; the land revenue ofIndia , 534; nature of the land-tax,535 -

Lane-Poole, Stanley, History of theMughal Emperors of Hindustan fromtheir coins, quoted, 325 (footnote) ;356 (footnote); 345 (footnote); hisopinion on the Mughal revenues, 354-356; Aurangzeb (‘Rulers of India’series), 356 (footnote).

Languages (Aryan) of Northern India ,Sanskrit , 392 ; the evidence for andagainst Sanskrit ever having been aspoken language , 392-394 ; divergenceof Sanskrit and Prakrit , 394; spreadof the Prakrits , 395 ; classificationof Prakrits—Maharashtri or Mara­ thi , the Sauraseni or the Braj of theNorth-Western Provinces, the Magadhi or modern Bihari, and the Paisachi ornon-Aryan dialects, 395, 396; evolu-tion of modem vernaculars from thePrakrits , 396, 397; the Sanskrit ,

Prakrit , and non-Aryan elements inmodern vernaculars, 397-400 ; theseven modern vernaculars, 400, 401 ;vernacular literature and writers, 402-

413-

Languages of non-Aryan tribes, 101-109 ;the Dravidian languages of SouthernIndia; Tamil , its principal develop­ ment , 388-392.

Lansdowne, Marquess of, Viceroy (1888-93), 503-506; the Imperial ServiceTroops, progress of local self-govern-ment, 503 ; the Indian National Con­ gress , Lord Cross’ Act, social reforms,504; the Manipur trouble, Russian aggressions on the Pamirs , 505;pacification of Upper Burma, theCurrency question, 506.

Lassen, IndisckeA lterthu??iskundey quoted,207 (footnote) ; 240 (footnote); 399(footnote); his views on Sanskrit having been spoken, 393.

Laswari, Defeat of Sindhia at, 381 ; 468.

Laterite, 740, 741.

Law and Custom of Hindu Castes, byMr. Arthur Steele, quoted, 244 (foot-note).

Law, Brahmanical codes of, 156-161 ;the Grihya Sutras, an outgrowth fromthe Vedas, 156 ; code of Manu and itsdate, 156, 157 ; code of Yajnavalkya ,157; scope of Hindu law, 158; itsrigid caste system, 158, 159; growthof the law, 159; its incorporation oflocal customs, 160; perils of moderncodification, 160, 161 ; modern legalliterature, 161.

Law, M., took over the French East India Company , 435.

Law, The, of British India, 511.

Lawrence , Lord, Viceroy of India (1864-69); famine in Orissa ; Bhutan war ;inquiry into the status of the Oudhpeasantry; the commercial crisis of1866, 496. His conduct in the Punjab at the Mutiny, 491.

Lawrence , Major, his ineffectual siege ofPondicherri in 1748 in co-operationwith the English fleet under Admiral Boscawen , 445.