840
INDEX.
Panini, the compiler of the Sanskrit grammar (350 B.C.), 142 ; 394-
Panipat, celebrated battlefield in NorthernIndia; defeat of Ibrahim Lodi byBabar (1526 a.d.), 344 5 defeat ofAfghans by Akbar , and restoration ofHumayun to the throne (1556 A.D.),346 ; overthrow of the Marathasby theAfghans under Ahmad Shah Durani (1761 A.D.), 373 ; 379; camp ofexercise at (1886), 502.
Panna, Diamond mines of, 731.
Panniar, Battle of {1843), 4&o*
Pantsenus, the Alexandrian stoic, hisevidence as to Christianity in India atthe end of the 2nd century A.D., 285.
Paper-making, 721.
Parameswara, the one First Cause, orSupreme Deity of Hinduism, 278.
Parasnath, hill in Bengal , held sacred bythe Jains , 68 ; 205.
Parasurama , the sixth incarnation ofVishnu , his legendary war of extermina-tion with the Kshattriyas, 136.
Parochial organization of Portuguese India , 298.
Partition of the Gangetic valley by Clive(1765), 455-
Passes of the Himalayas , the Khaibar,Kuram, Gwalari, Tal, and Bolanpasses, 38 ; of the Western Ghats , theBhor, Thai, and Palghat passes, 68, 69.
Patala, town founded by Alexander the Great , and identified with the moderncity of Haidarabad , the historic capitalof Sind, 213.
Pathdn Kings of Delhi, by Mr. E.Thomas, quoted, 324 (footnote); 332,333) 334 (footnotes) ; 336 (footnotes);337 (footnote); 338 (footnote); 340(footnote); 346 (footnote).
Patna , East India Company ’s agencyat (1620), 431 ; massacre of, 454.
Peacock Throne of Shah Jahan , 363.
Pearl fisheries, 732.
Pegu, Annexation of, as the result of thesecond Burmese war, 484.
Peninsular India, Geology of, 737-741.
Penjdeh incident and its results, 502.
Perambakam, defeat of Baillie at (1780),462.
Periplus Maris Erythrcei i quoted, 34;119-
Permanent Settlement, The, of Lord Cornwallis and Sir John Shore , 463,464.
Peshawar , taken by Subuktigin , 325.
Peshwas, the rise and progress of theirpower (1718-1818), 378-382; annexa-tion of the Peshwa’s dominions, 472.
Petroleum or mineral oil, 75 ; mines andoil-refining companies in Burma , 729,730-
Petty kingdoms of ancient India in thetime of Megasthenes , 217.
Phallic emblems in Hinduism , 254.
Philipos, Edavalikel, Syrian Church ofMalabar , quoted, 291 (footnote 2);294 (footnote 1).
Philosophical and terrible aspects of Siva-worship, 260, 261.
Philosophy of the Brahmans, its sixdarsanas or schools, 140, 141.
Physical aspects of India , chap. i. pp.33-75. General outline, 33 ; origin ofthe name of India , 33-35 ; boundaries,35, 3d i the four regions of India , 36.First region : the Himalayas , 33*42.The Himalayan wall and trough, 37;Himalayan passes, 38 ; offshoots of theHimalayas , 38 ; the gateways of India ,38, 39 ; Himalayan water-supply andrainfall, 39; scenery, 39, 40; vegetationand forests, 39 ; cultivation, 39, 40;irrigation and mill power, 41 ; saleableproduce, 41, 42; fauna of the Hima layas , 42. Second region : the NorthernRiver Plains, 42-67. The three riversystems of India , 42, 43 — (1) theIndus and Sutlej , 43, 44 ; lowercourse of the Indus , 44, 45 ; (2) theTsan-pu or Brahmaputra , 45-48 ; theKailas watershed, 45 ; the Brahma putra tributaries in Assam , 45, 46 ; theBrahmaputra in Bengal , 46, 47 ;Brahmaputra silt deposits and islands,46, 47; changes in Brahmaputra
course, 47 ; the Brahmaputra as ahigh-road, 47, 48 ; (3) the Gangeticriver system, 48-61 ; the growth of theGanges and its discharge at differentpoints, 49; its great tributary theJumna , 49 ; sancity of the Ganges ,its places of pilgrimage, 5° 5 theGanges as water-carrier, fertilizer,and great water highway of Bengal ,51, 52; traffic on the Ganges , 52;great Gangetic cities, 53; first andsecond stages in the life of a greatIndian river as a silt collector, 53>54 ; loss of carrying power in secondstage, 54; third stage as a land-maker, 55 ; the delta of Bengal , andof Gangetic deltaic distributaries, 55 )character of a deltaic river, 55# 5^ *section of a deltaic channel of th:Ganges , 56; junction of the Ganges , theBrahmaputra , and the Meghna—theircombined delta, 56 ; last scene in thelife of an Indian river, land-makingin the estuary, 57 ; Bengal , the4 gift of the Ganges, ’ in the samesense as Egypt the ‘ gift of the Nile,58 ; size of the Bengal delta, 58 ; suc-cessive depressions of the delta, 5^> 59 >its subterranean structure, 58? 59 (foot-