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t. tode OF science II. ROMAN RENAISSANCE 35

therefore, be our principal business to examine andexpose.

§ 5- The moral, or immoral, elements which unite toform the spirit of Central Renaissance architecture are, Ibelieve, in the main, two,—Pride and Infidelity ; but thepride resolves itself into three main branches,—Pride ofScience, Pride of State, and Pride of System : and thuswe have four separate mental conditions which must beexamined successively.

§ 6. I. Pride of Science. It would have been morecharitable, but more confusing, to have added anotherelement to our list, namely the Love of Science; but thefove is included in the pride, and is usually so verysubordinate an element, that it does not deserve equality°f nomenclature. But, whether pursued in pride or inaffection (how far by either we shall see presently), thebrst notable characteristic of the Renaissance central schoolis its introduction of accurate knowledge into all its work,so far as it possesses such knowledge; and its evidentconviction that such science is necessary to the excellenceof the work, and is the first thing to be expressed therein,bo that all the forms introduced, even in its minor orna-ment, are studied with the utmost care; the anatomy ofa U animal structure is thoroughly understood and elabo-rately expressed, and the whole of the execution skilful andPractised in the highest degree. Perspective, linear andaerial, perfect drawing and accurate light and shade inpainting, and true anatomy in all representations of thehuman form, drawn or sculptured, are the first requirements111 all the work of this school.

§ 7- Now, first considering all this in the most charitablehght, as pursued from a real love of truth, and not fromvanity, it would, of course, have been all excellent anda dmirable, had it been regarded as the aid of art, and not

its essence. But the grand mistake of the Renaissance schools lay in supposing that science and art were thesame things, and that to advance in the one was neces-sarily to perfect the other. Whereas they are, in reality,things not only different, but so opposed that to advanceln the one is, in ninety-nine cases out of the hundred, to