Chap. lV.

during the Reign of §Cueen Elizabeth.

i§<

156^. the Englijh Merchants, who had there-by incurred the Czar's Difpleasure.Theling Itjh Trade to Muscovy, and fromthence farther, began at this Time tobe very considerable. The Czar hadgranted the Mk/rwy-Company an Exem-tion from all Customs, with Leave tovend their Manufactures thro' his wholeDominions, and to transport them intoPersia and Me dt a, by the Caspian Sea;sde fdo' Whereas the Merchants of other Nations^c 0V y. were not allowed to trade beyond MuJ~0 Persia, cow. With this Encouragement theEnglijh ventured to transport theirGoods in Boats made of one entire Tree,up the River Dwina, as far -as. Vologda.From thence in leven Days by Land toTerajlaw, and then, thirty Days andNights, down the River, to Asracan, bythe Volga, where they used to buildtheir Ships. From Asracan, they cros-sed the Caspian Sea, and made theirWay thro’the vast Defarts of Hyrcaniaand BaBriana, to Teverin and Casbin,Cities of Versa , in Hopes, at Length, todiscover Cathay, (e) But by Reason ofthe War between the Turks and Pers~ans , and the Robberies committed bythe Barbarians, the Londoners were atlast discouraged from pursuing thisglorious Enterprise. To compose theDifferences between the Czar and theEnglijh Society, the Queen sent SirThomas Randolph to Mujcow , and, by hisprudent Conduct, the Czar was not only* n Ali}an ce pacified, but be granted several new Pri-ll^ 1 the vileges to the Rvsian Company, which

°f were confirmed by a personal Alliance,C0Vy ' - for the concluding or which the Czarsent an Ambassadour to the Queen.

See an Account of Sir Thomas Ran-Iu yb dolplfs Ambassy, written by himself, inHands 's Collection. P. i.p. 527. andin Hackluyt, P. 1. p. 378. by whichhowever, it appears, that he leftErgland,the two and twentieth of June, 1568.In Hackluyt are likewise these new Pri-^ vileges at large.

4 The Ambassador he sent was Andrew

tJ ia JTado ur Gregoriwitz Saviena, who had a splen-

very same Words, in his Presence, and 1 369.be translated into the Rusian Tongue,and ratified, not only by the Queen'sHand and Seal, but by her Oath ; And.that the Queen would likewise dispatchan Ambassadour, into' RuJJia, in Orderto receive private Letters from the Em-perour, to the fame Purpose, and sign-ed with his Hand and Seal, the Ce-remony of Saluting the Cross beingto be performed, at the fame Time, inhis Presence.

The Queen signed the Treaty, with $$ee#’a Clause of Reserve: " So far as she signs a Trea-" might lawfully do it, without Preju- b, -with a(e dice to any Contracts made With 0- Re l erve ’

" th er Princes, to support and aid one'

" another, against the common Ene-" my, and so far as might be no In-" fringement of Law or Right.” And'should he be forced, by any Misfortuneof Publick Wars, or private Treachery,-to quit his Country, site promised himfaithfully, on the Word of a ChristianPrincess, before his Ambassadour, andthe chief of Her Privy Council, and con-firmed it with her Seal, That site wouldreceive and entertain Him, with HisWife and Children, in a Manner becom-ing so great a Prince, and assign him aconvenient Residence, grant him thefree Use of his Religion, and leave himat Liberty to depart when he pleased;

For this was the Sum and Substance ofthose private Letters.

So far, however, was this from Satis- The Czaf

'toes’

H,

-- —r-

was hisLaw,that he wrote a longLetter,stuff’d with the Repetition of whatCivilssties the Englijh had received at hisHands;upbraiding them as ungrateful, and wasvery angry with the Queen for not fend-ing an Ambassadour along with his, toreceive his Oath. In a Word, he taxedthe Queen for having neglected his Ass.fairs, and minded only those of herMerchants,Matters beneath theTboughtsof a Prince. He then began to treat the ^Englijh too, with Slights and Affronts, t ^ e Englfh„i/udour ^' 1 1 >-> 1* v.*.*•'>*, *, aiv. ajdv, a. as a Sort of People who regarded their

to En- did Retinue with him, according to the own Purse, more than their Prince's

Fashion of that Country. He found anHonourable Entertainment from theCity of London, and a courteous Recep-tn^’ s Le bon at the Queen's Hands. He exhi-a/t h i bited a certain Treaty, written in j Rujji-an Characters, which he insisted mightbe confirmed (by private Letters) in the

jl uric, muse Lnaii uicjt s

Honour: And having entertained a Sus-picion, that they might put some Stopto his Designs, he threatned hard to re-voke the Privileges he had before gran-ted them. ; But this he forbore to do, Bu J. " a P*Upon the Queen’s sending over JenkinJonto him, as we shall see 1 , below. '

(e) These arc the Voyages, of which some Account is given above,-