APOTHECARIES.

147

council of that city: when it was established we can-not with certainty determine, but that it existed therebefore the sixteenth century is very apparent; and also, itis equally certain that it was situated near the Exchangeand Council-house, and that it had, according to the usualcustom, a garden belonging to it in the New Town. Also,anterior to A.l). 1(518, there was a private establishment ofthat kind. In 1529, there was a city physician established;from thence quacks and mountebanks were banished.

The most ancient regulation for apothecaries in that city,was made in the year 1586, as we collect from Nucleusrecessuum Hamburgens.

Anterior to 1472, apothecaries were legally establishedat Frankfort on the Maine ; for at that period the ma-gistracy of Constance, requested to know what regulationswere made there concerning the prices of medicines. In1489, the city physician was instructed to inspect themcarefully, and see proper prices affixed to different articles.In 1500, all the apothecaries there were compelled to swearto observe the regulations prescribed for them. In 1603,a decree was promulgated that no more apothecaries’ shopsshould be allowed than the four then in existence,

In the general police regulations prepared at Basle, A.D.1440, it was established, that there should be appointed inevery German imperial city, a physician, with the allowanceof an ecclesiastical benefice, or oanonrv, in order that hemight exercise his art gratis. It is therein said, “ Whatcostly things people may wish for from the apothecary’sshop, they must pay for;” thence Dr. Mohsen concludes,that common roots and herbs only were used in apothe-caries’ shops, and that expensive drugs and compoundswere brought from other and distant countries.

The first apothecary’s shop known in Berlin, is mentionedin the King's feudal records, to have been established in1488; at which period, the magistrates gave one HansZehender a right to hereditary possession of a shop, andpromised to allow him yearly, in order for support, a specificquantity of rye, with a free house; and engaged also toexempt him from all public contributions, watching, andother burdens, and to permit no apothecary to reside inthat city; which agreement was confirmed in 1491, by theElector John; and also again in 1494, by the Elector

cubits, on which is engraven the names of all the medicines they use, with theprices affixed; the poor who require relief from physic, go to the public treasury,where they have the money given to pay for what physic they want.