150

APOTHKC ARIES.

received orders to bring a skilful apothecary into his king-dom. When this prince died, in 1500, he had no other phy-sician with him than his barber, Jacob, an apothecary namedLucas, and his confessor, Johannes, who also, as was usualamong the Roman clergy, practised physic as well as pre-scribed for his majesty. Lucas, it appears, was his chiefapothecary.

At Stockholm, also, on the 21st of March, 1575, KingJohn appointed one Anthony Busenius apothecary at hiscourt; and in 1(523, Philip Magnus Schmidt, a native ofLangensalza, in Thuringia , was chosen to fill that office.In 11575, there were five apothecaries’ shops in Stockholm .Ever since 161)4, there have been nine.

The first apothecary’s shop at Upsal, was established in1648, by one Simon Wolimhaus, also a native of Thuringia ,and from whom the present family of Count Gyllenborg aredescended.

Towards the end of the sixteenth century, physicians andapothecaries were first invited into Russia by the Czar BorisGodunow.

At the Ryzantine court, at an early period, the keeperof the wardrobe, as we have seen the yeoman of the jewelleryat Eisenach in the sixteenth century, had the care of theportable chest of medicines, when the Emperor took thefield. It was then called pandectce, and contained theriac,with antidotes, and all kinds of oils, plasters, salves,and herbs proper for curing men and cattle.

The Apothecaries' Hall, in London , was incorporated bycharter from James I. on the solicitation of Drs. Magemeand Atkins :—till which time, in London , there had been noregular apothecaries ; the venders of medicine w r ere incor-porated with the grocers, and usually sold plums, sugar,spice, Venice treacle, mitliridate, &c. From their igno-rance, people had unwholesome medicines imposed on them,as appears from a case stated of William Rose, in Rees'sCyclop.

In the commencement of the present century there wereestablished, in London , numerous charitable foundations, inaddition to the public hospitals, called dispensatories, forsupplying the poor, gratis, with medicines; and these dis-pensatories also furnish skilful physicians and surgeons toattend them at their own dwellings. The names and numberof public hospitals in this metropolis, are as follows:—1st. St. George’s; 2nd. St. Bartholomew’s, founded byEdward VI. ; 3d. Middlesex ; 4th. Westminster; 5th. TheLondon ; the United Hospitals of St. Thomas’s and Guy’s,