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ordinary, and have a patent with a salary from the crown;sometimes, in order that the person favoured might immedi-ately after his creation be promoted to the first vacant king-ship, as it were per salutem ; it being, as Anthony Woodremarks in Ath. Oxon. an established rule that no man canbe made a king at arms before he is a herald ; and at othertimes to enlarge the number of heralds, for the better andeasier performance of their duty. The three heralds extra-ordinary are Arundel, Norfolk , and Mowbray.
The oftice of heralds, ordinary and extraordinary, is towait at court, to order and attend public solemnities, atcoronatious, installations, funerals, and to proclaim war andpeace; to attend to the regulation of armorial bearings,search pedigrees, &c. under the authority of the Earl Mar-shal and his deputy. The six heralds, with the three kings atarms, and the four pursuivants, are a college; and form theinstitution founded by Richard III . previously mentioned.Clarencieux and Norroy' kings at arms are also provincialheralds.
HORSESHOES.
When we consider the vast importance of security to thefeet of that useful animal the horse, we cannot but wonder thatconsidering the very rough roads which the ancients mustoccasionally have had to travel, that some metallic shoeshad not been invented and introduced previously to theperiod when they appeared.
That upon the safety of the animal the security of therider necessarily depended, cannot be questioned. Hence,then, we do not wonder to observe, that the sagacious Aris-totle 1 and Pliny 2 should observe upon the covering placedupon the feet of those animals of draught and burden.From what those authors have said, however, we dare notconclude that the feet of horses or camels were faced orshod with iron; but it should rather seem that in time ofwar, or on long journeys, the feet of both kinds of beastswere prepared with such species of shoes as the commonpeople wore, and which were generally made of strong oxleather (curiscalla.) We are told that when the hoofs ofcattle, particularly oxen, had sustained any injury or hurt,they were furnished with shoes made of sparlnm or spartium
* Hist. Nat. lib. xi. c. 45.