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MADDER.

solar presence 36,841,468 miles ; admitting he performshis revolution in 87 days 23 hours, in what time will Venus( 5 ) perform hers, whose orbit is removed 32,050,018 milesfarther distant from the centre of the system; in what timewill she perform her orbicular revolution! In 224 days 17hours.

The orbicular track of the Earth ( o) is removed fromthat of $ 26,281,514 miles, performin her annual coursein 365 days, 5 hours, and 49 minutes.

The orbit of Mars ( $ ) being removed from that of the© 40,841,148 miles, and performs his course in 1 year,321 days, 17 hours. So the orbit of Jupiter {X) is beyondthat of the last planet 49,976,528 miles, and be accom-plishes his orbicular course in 11 years, 314 days, 18 hours.

The orbit of Saturn ( b ) > s placed beyond that of the lastplanet 349,976,768 miles, and he performs his annual coursein 22 years, 167 days, 6 hours.

Beyond these rules afforded by arithmetical proportion, indiscovering the mean between mathematical proportion andgeometrical progression, in solving questions like the pre-ceding, Baron Merchiston’s original idea first had existence.Since whose time, logarithms have been brought to so greata degree of perfection by subsequent mathematicians, thatthey are found most peculiarly useful in algebraic solutions,discovering the mean proportionals between time and dis-tance-, and in whatever use a medium is required; besides,they will be found peculiarly useful in all geometrical andtrigonometrical purposes, sines, tangents, navigation, land-surveying, &c. and thus rendering speculative science subser-vient to the most useful purposes, the true end of all philo-sophical investigation.

Among the many works which have been written upon thesubject of logarithms, appear the following: Briggs’s Canon ofLogarithms for natural Numbers, from 1 to 20,000, andfrom 90,000 to 100,000, constructed and published, in con-junction with and by the approbation of the Baron Napier.Briggs also published a second and improved book on thesubject, in 1631.

MADDER.

This useful plant, being one among the many which arefound of considerable importance to the manufacturers of ourown country, which will account for its introduction, is foundanswerable to the descriptions of Dioscorides , MarcellusVirgil, Theophrastus, Pliny , and other naturalists, and is thusdescribed by a contemporary writer, Beckmann. This plant,