HISTORY OF MARINE ARCHITECTURE.

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decree, that those enemies who laid down their arms, and surrendered to them,should pass in token of submission. According to the supposition of this dis-senting class of antiquarians, the juga were supported, as before described, fromthe bottom of the vessel, and did not extend nearer to its sides than within twofeet and an half of each. From the same authority an opinion has been broached,that in the smaller gallies the distance between each rower amounted to twofeet six inches, and in the Trireme to three feet: an interspace which was pro-gressively encreased in vessels of still higher rate, and superior dimensions.After much repetition of what he had before laid down as facts, the same authorproceeds to state, in conformity with the opinion of Vossius, and other learnedmen, though contrary to that of FEscalier, that, in all gallies having more thanone tier of oars, the seats and thwarts were disposed like a flight of steps, accord-ing to the arrangement beneath, which is given as that of the Quinquireme,and differs not from what has been already described with more precision : eachrower sitting in the interspace between those in the tier above him.

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According to this description, the tiers a c and e were managed by rowerssitting on the short seats affixed to the side of the vessel, and on such as are markedb d by those occupying the thwarts. There are, however, so many objections tothis ideal arrangement, on grounds which have been already assigned at somelength, that it may be very fairly dismissed without the smallest discussion.Passing over, therefore, a repetitious farrago, tediously explaining the dif-ference in quality and situation between the sedile or tabula, and the trans-trum, that is to say, the bracketted seat and the thwart; he proceeds to givetheir different dimensions : to the first he assigns the length of two feet,and the breadth of one foot three inches: to the latter, or thwart in the Tri-reme, a length of seven feet, and the same breadth as that of the sedile : acalculation which will come nearly to the same point with that already given bythe same author, as the length and breadth of that particular species of vesselwhich is now the subject of description. In the Trireme he supposes this thwart

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