HISTORY OF MARINE ARCHITECTURE. 449

strates the defects, but points out, at the same time, the varied remedies whichhe conceived it expedient should be applied to them.

The

That pursers may find wood-buckets for the ships ; wood elm trucks are much cheaper than tin jsheaves should be fastened to the sides of our caps for our top-ropes to hoist die topmasts.

That all ships be allowed shifting backstays, afore and abaft.

That in store-rooms, where every particular ships’ stores lye ashore, compasses and glasses have aparticular place, the first ought to be touched every time the ship fits out; also, the colours and waste-cloths should be secured from the rats.

That it be put in all boatswains’ and masters’ instructions, that when their best bower-cable is unser-viceable, they shift their sheet-cables to the best bower, and the new one that comes on board they putto the sheet, that the best bower and sheet-cables be of one bigness. I have seen sheet-cables so longin a ship diat they have been rotten: in which time, several new cables have been used to the bestbower.

Our lower deck guns are too big, and ill fitted with blocks, which makes them work heavy.

The Dutch, who have light guns, have lignum vitae sheaves.

To have ten rounds for our upper tier more than our lower tier, first because we can fire the upperguns fastest, next, we can fight with our upper when we cannot with our lower, then the shot for theupper we can also use in our lower tier.

Eight men allowed to an iron cannon, and seven to a brass one.

Seven men to an iron demy cannon, and six to a brass one.

Six men to an iron twenty-four pounder, and five to a brass one.

Five men to an iron eighteen pounder, the same to a brass one.

Four men to a twelve pounder of both sorts.

Four men to an iron nine pounder, and three to a brass one.

Three men to a six pounder, or saker.

Many guns not being made proportionable, men are added or diminished as occasion serves, andless than sakers are of little use.

The Dutch guns seldom larger than twenty-four pounders.

Admiral Allemond’s lower tier twenty-four pounders brass, middle, eighteen pounders brass, upper,twelve pounders, half deck, six pounders.

That quick-match takes fire of itself except well prepared.

What rigging should be made of old stuff to be considered, to allow more junk very necessary, moreold canvas, 150 yards in a first rate, to cover their boats, for they take studding or staysails, thoughnew, and in the summer these are spoiled, and the old canvas sold had better be burnt; also, old canvasat all our yards, to put about ships newly cleaned ; also, old canvas, either painted, or tarred and dried,to wrap all our spare sails in.

No rope to be allowed to make netting, but junk enough be allowed for making sinnet, or ropeon board for netting, lashing-rope, &c. No spunyarn allowed to boatswains’ sea-store, and junkto carpenters instead of oakum. The victuallers to serve the navy with tallow, if they buy oxenstanding.

Ships that go southern voyages to be allowed awnings for the poop : it keeps their decks cool, andpreserves them.

Cases arc wanted for carrying cartridges in time of fight.

REASONS