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Chap. 11.] UTILITY OF THESE IMPROVEMENTS.

quantity of wheat,, and it may be drawn from the bottominto the elevator, as wanted.

5. They tend to despatch business, by finishing asthey go; so that there is not as much time expended ingrinding over middlings, which will not employ the pow-er of the mill, nor in cleaning and grinding the screen-ings, they being cleaned every few days, and mixed withthe wheat; and as the labour is easier, the miller cankeep the stones in better order, and more regularly andsteadily at work, especially in the night time, when theyfrequently stop for want of help; whereas, one man wouldbe sufficient to attend six pair of stones, running (in onehouse) with well constructed machinery.

6 . They last a long time, with but little expense ofrepair, because their motions are slow and easy.

7. They hoist the grain and meal with less power,and disturb the motion of the mill much less than theold way, because the descending strap balances the as-cending one, so that there is no more power used, thanto hoist the grain or meal itself; whereas, in the old way,for every 3 bushels of wheat, which fill a 4 bushel tubwith meal, the tub has to be hoisted, the weight of whichis equal to a bushel of wheat; consequently, the powerused is as 3 for the elevator to 4 for the tubs, which isone-fourth less with elevators than tubs; besides, theweight of 4 bushels of wheat, thrown at once on thewheel, always checks the motion; before the tub is up,the stone sinks a little, and the mill is put out of tuneevery tub-full, which makes a great difference in a yearsgrinding; this is worthy of notice when water is scarce.

8. They save a great expense of attendance. One-half of the hands that were formerly required are nowsufficient, and their labour is easier. Formerly, one handwas required for every 10 barrels of flour that the millmade daily; now, one for every 20 barrels is sufficient.A mill that made 40 barrels a day, required four menand a boy; two men are now sufficient.