BLEACHING.

53

continued for sixteen hours, and the goods are again washed. The cloth is nextsaturated with chemick or a solution of chloride of lime for two hours, thedensity of the solution being about £° Twaddle, when it is again washed.The continuous length is now boiled in a kier for five hours with ioo lbs. ofcrystals of carbonate of soda. After washing it is chemicked as before;then soured in hydrochloric acid of Twaddle. The cloth is next allowedto drain, is washed until quite clean, squeezed between rollers, finallybeing dried over steam cylinders or by means of a hydro-extractor. ToeffeCt these operations in one continuous process, many improvements havebeen suggested upon the plan pursued originally by Bentley, but as theprinciple is undoubtedly due to him, we shall describe the apparatus as itfirst appears in his patent.

Fig. 3 is an end view of two calenders, each having two larger rollers,b and b 1 , a smaller driving roller, c, two racks, d and d 1 , placed upon twocisterns, g and g 1 , inside of which are two rollers, e and e 1 , having foursquare ribs upon each, to shake the goods as they pass through the cisterns.

Fig. 3.

At f is a series of rollers, upon which the batches of goods are placed. Thecalender cheeks are made fast at the feet, at the middle, and to the top of thebuilding, having levers and weights, h, to give pressure to the calender bowls.Near the end walls of the building are two rollers, one of which is shown atA; upon each of these a soft cord is used as a guide for conducting the goodsthrough the machinery and cisterns. The operation is commenced bypassingone end of the cord through the rollers b and c, down to cistern g, underroller e, through the most remote division of rack d, and again throughcalender rollers at b and c, repeating the same, but observing to keep thecord tight, and to approach one division nearer in rack d each revolution untileach division is occupied, when the end must pass over c, under and roundB1) down to and over the guide-roller i 3 , through the nearest division ofrack d 1 into cistern g 1 , under roller e 1 , over guide-roller i 2 , and again overroller c, under and round b 1 . This course must be repeated, observing asbefore to keep the cord tight, and to receive one division of rack d 1 everyrevolution, until each division of rack d 1 is occupied, when the end must pass