6o

DYEING AND CALICO PRINTING.

take now one pole after another through a small tub containing perhaps6 pails of water and 3 lbs. of nitrate of tin.* Add a little nitrate of tin forevery new pole taken through, and handle each pole in the mordant for oneand a half minutes. It is cheaper to have a small tub for this bath, as theyarn can be then strongly mordanted, which is necessary to obtain a goodred. Place a board on the top of the side of the tub, so that the liquid willrun back from the yarn laid upon the board to drain. Next prepare a kettlewith warm water at 125° F., and add the infusion of 15 lbs. of commonpeachwood.f While stirring, enter the prepared yellow yarn, turning itquickly two or three times, and then slower for twenty minutes, when it willbe of a fine red. The red can still be improved by adding 2 lbs. of whitingto neutralise the acid. The acid must be rinsed from the yarn before thelatter is dried.

Orange, with Madder.

To 50 lbs. of yarn, bleached, add to the yellow kettle above—

1 lb. of flavine,

5 lbs. of alum,

2 lbs. of muriate of tin,

2 ozs.of tin crystals,

5 lbs. of madder.

This kettle must be boiled for ten minutes, and then cooled to 170° F. Theyarn is now to be entered, turning it quickly a few times to obtain evenness,then slowly for about fifteen minutes. It can be then removed, rinsed, anddried.

Orange, with Annatto.

This orange is brighter on linen than the one just described with madder,but the colour is not so fast.

For 50 lbs. of bleached yarn. Boil 1 lb. of annatto with 4 lbs. of soda-ash,pouring the whole into a kettle of hot water of 160° F. Enter the yarn andhandle for fifteen minutes, rinse, and dry.

Brown and Maroon.

Pass 50 lbs. of dry yarn, unbleached, through the yellow kettle, handling forfifteen minutes. After removal mordant the yarn with nitrate of tin as forred ; next enter it into a kettle containing the liquor of 10 lbs. of peachwoodwith 10 lbs. of logwood, handling for twenty minutes ; rinse and dry. Formaroon more peachwood and less logwood will be required.

Crimson.

For 50 lbs. of bleached yarn. Take the yarn through the liquor of 10 lbs.of boiled sumach ; next through the cold nitrate of tin mordant, thoroughly

* Nitrate of tin may be prepared thusTo 5 lbs. of hydrochloric acid (22° B.), 10 lbs. ofnitric acid (36° B.), 5 lbs. of water; add 1 lb. of feathered tin in very small quantities at atime to the acid so as not to overheat it.

+ Peachwood liquor is sometimes termed, chiefly in America, hypcrnic. This term isderived from Nicaragua (Nicaragua wood), whence “Nicric,” a superior quality of liquorfrom the same wood being termed “ hyper- nic.’