MADDER.

231

Paluds Earth, Vaucluse.

Sodium chloride .

Potassium silicate.

Sodium silicate .

Calcium sulphate.

Calcium carbonate.

Magnesium carbonate.

Potassium carbonate .

Potassium chloride.. .. ..

Manganic and ferric sesquioxides

Alumina.

Phosphoric acid .

Magnesium sulphate .

0-135

0-288

0-260

0-576

87-060

0-165

0-121

0-006

2-134

0-720

1-566

0*020

Ash of Alsace Madder (Kcechlin).(Two samples grown in different fields).

Potassa .

28-64

Soda.

15-89

II*67

Lime.

29-25

Magnesia.

372

3-68

Peroxide of iron

3-36

Phosphoric acid.

4*62

Chloride of sodium ..

4-71

13-25

Sulphuric acid.

3-68

2*14

Silica.

5'36

Ash of Zealand

Potassa.

Madder Root.

25-48

Soda.

21*91

Lime.

15-84

Magnesia.

0*11

Peroxide of iron

10-18

Phosphoric acid

3-62

Chloride of sodium

772

Sulphuric acid.

3-27

Silica .

10-87

Madder is not grown from seed in Zealand, but shoots are planted in themonth of May, and put in well-tilled ground, in rows about 2 feet or moreapart. The plot is carefully weeded, and in the month of November followingthe plants are covered over with earth, dug from between the rows, to preservethem from frost. This treatment serves to increase the roots in length andthickness. The roots are dug out with long narrow-bladed spades.

In Alsace the root is planted in a clay soil not containing much lime. Theplants are raised from seed, but the roots in shape resemble those of Zealand,—that is, they form a bunch going 2 or 3 feet down into the soil, and occupyinga considerable surface, whilst Avignon madder is a long straight root withsmall rootlets attached. The madder of commerce is the root ground