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Eyeing and calico printing.

concentrated by evaporation, next water is added, and it is then treated witha solution of gelatin to remove tannic acid; after filtration the fluidis again evaporated to dryness, and the residue afterwards treated withboiling alcohol. On cooling the bresiline is deposited in a crystalline state.It often happens that in old decodions of these woods (even when theirsp. gr. is as low as from i*oio to 1*014), which have been kept for a longtime in contact with air in a cool place, an abundant deposit of bresiline in acrystalline state is found at the bottom of the casks. Dr. Bolley has had anopportunity of fully investigating this material, which was given to him byMessrs. Muller, of Basql.* Dr. P. Schiitzenberger states that he also ob-tained from the same parties a sample of this spontaneously-formed crystallinedeposit; on treating it with boiling alcohol, and evaporating it without the con-tad of air and light, amber-yellow crystals of pure bresiline are obtained. Theshape of these crystals is that of hexagonal or klinorhombic prisms ; theyare soluble in water, alcohol, and ether; the colour of the aqueous solutionis slightly more reddish than that of the alcoholic. Even the smallest traceof ammonia is sufficient to turn these solutions intensely carmine-red. Whenthe crystals are kept in well-closed bottles they become darker, especially onthat part of the bottle which is most exposed to light. This is probably aneffed of oxidation favoured by the adion of the light. When the alcoholicsolution of bresiline is preserved for a length of time, or is evaporated,especially if slowly, it deposits, in addition to the yellow bulky crystals ofbresiline, small scaly crystals exhibiting a greenish cantharides-like refledion.This substance, which contains nitrogen, is probably formed under the com-bined influence of ammonia and oxygen. The crystals of bresiline areanhydrous, and become decomposed when heated to from 130° to 140°.

According to the analyses of Bolley and Greift, the formula of this substanceis C 22 H 20 0 7 . As deposited from ordinary alcohol, which always containswater, bresiline is obtained in the shape of golden-yellow crystalline needlesfelted together; this form belongs to the monoclinic system, and these crystalscontain 2 molecules of water of crystallisation, formula C 22 H 20 O 7 -|-2H 2 0.This water is driven off at 8o° C. Dr. Bolley has not been enabled to obtainany substitution compound by means of which this formula might be con-trolled ; he states, however, that bresiline combines with bisulphite of soda,yielding a colourless crystalline produd : by this readion bresiline rangeswith the aldehydes.

Dr. Schiitzenberger states that on heating pure bresiline and anhydrousacetic acid to I40°he obtained a derivative insoluble in water and crystallisingfrom its alcoholic solution, forming bright yellow needles. Since bresiline isthus aded upon by anhydrous acetic acid and combines therewith, it behaves asan alcohol, and is in all probability therefore a polyatomic alcohol. Bresilineheated along with ammonia to xoo° in a sealed tube and without excess ofair, yields an amidated colourless compound, which is very prone to decom-pose in contad with air, and is a true base.f In this resped bresiline isquite similar to the haematoxylin found in logwood; indeed the formula given

* See Bolley and Greift, “ Schwcizcrische Polytechn. Zeitschrift,” 1864, vol. ix., p. 134.

1 Schiitzenberger and Paraf, “ Bulletins de la Societe Industrielle de Mulhouse,”vol. xxxi., p. 50.