SOORANJEE.

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crimson by the addition of acids and green by alkalies. The alcoholic tin&ureof the leaves is purplish-red, and leaves, on evaporation, a deep red residue,free from nitrogenous matter. Cotton mordanted with iron is turned blue orbluish-black by an aqueous infusion of the petals. With an aluminous mor-dant a violet-blue, and with tin mordants a bluish-violet, is produced.Woollen fabrics, previously mordanted with bichloride of tin, assume a deepviolet, and when mordanted with iron a bluish-black or grey; if mordantedwith antimonic acid salts, a bluish-violet is obtained : silk mordanted with tin-salts takes a violet.

For calico-printing purposes the alcoholic extract suits better than theaqueous infusion. The colours produced are faster than those yielded bylogwood, but they do not stand clearing with soap.

The colouring matter is yet, and was formerly far more so, in great requestfor the artificial colouration of wines. Latterly it has come into use as a dye-ware, and is chiefly so applied in Germany, and more particularly in Bavaria.

Sooranjee, Root of the Morinda citrifolia.

This ware was first imported into Glasgow from India, some years ago : itoccurs in pieces of from 2 to 8 centimetres in length, and from 5 to 10 milli-metres thick. Externally it is brown, internally yellow; the pigment, orcolouring matter, is exclusively concentrated in the bark ; its colour is orange-yellow, and it has been named morindin.

The morindin is extracted from the root by exhausting with boiling alcohol:on cooling, the colouring matter is deposited as an impure flocculent material,mixed with a red substance. This crude material is purified by repeated re-crystallisation, first from alcohol at 50 per cent, and finally from strongeralcohol acidulated with hydrochloric acid. Thus obtained the substanceforms satin-like, needle-shaped, yellow crystals. Morindin is sparingly solublein cold water, more readily in boiling, but is deposited, on cooling, as a gelati-nous mass. It is sparingly soluble in alcohol when cold, but readily whenboiling, and best in a weaker spirit; it is insoluble in ether. The aqueoussolutions are coloured orange by alkalies ; lime and baryta water yield redprecipitates, while acetate of lead forms a crimson precipitate : a mixture of afew drops of ammonia added to perchloride of iron causes a brown precipitatein the aqueous solution, while ammoniated alum yields a reddish-yellow pre-cipitate. Morindin dissolves in concentrated sulphuric acid with a deeppurple-red colour; the solution, after having been kept for twenty-four hours,yields, on addition of water, a yellow precipitate, insoluble in water, whichre-dissolves in ammonia with a violet colouration.

If submitted to the adlion of heat, morindin first fuses and then enters intoebullition, emitting beautiful orange vapours, which condense to beautiful redneedle-shaped crystals, insoluble in water, but soluble in alkaline liquids, witha violet colour. This substance, which Dr. Anderson calls morindon, seemsto be the same as that formed under the influence of sulphuric acid, Theammoniacal solution of morindon yields, with alum, a red lake, and gives,upon the addition of baryta water, a blue precipitate. Morindin is dissolvedby cold nitric acid, and decomposed by that liquid at boiling temperature.

Prof. Rochleder thinks that morindon is identical with ruberythric acid, and,according to him, morindon is alizarin, but this view is not confirmed by