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DYEING AND CALICO PRINTING.
Mahaleb.—A shrub whose fruit yields a violet dye.
Mahogany-tree Bark.—This bark contains a small amount of colouringmatter, and has been used for producing a variety of sad shades. The resultwas unsatisfactory, and the ware is not in use in England.
Mangrove.—The bark of the red mangrove was patented by Dr. Bancroftas yielding a variety of red, brown, and nankeen shades, with alum, copper,lead, &c. It was at one time in common use, but has been altogetherabandoned.
Nitrocuminic Acid.—Jules Persoz states that this acid, when hot, com-municates to calico a variety of shades from scarlet to pink.
Nucin.—Green walnut-shells are extracted with ether. The extract istreated with neutral sulphate of copper till it assumes a blood-red colour.It is now filtered, and mixed with nitric acid till it turns to a greenish-blue.The nucin thus set free is dissolved in ether, and evaporated over sulphuricacid. It is a yellow powder, which dissolves in ammonia with a red colour.
Nymphaea alba ( The White Water-Lily), described in some works underthe name nenuphar, contains astringent matter, and is sometimes used inEastern Europe as a substitute for galls or sumac.
Palisander Wood is a red dye-wood obtained from Madagascar. Itresembles santal-wood in many of its properties, but it produces shades lessorange in their tone. It must be observed that the names Palisander andPalixandre are, on the Continent, often applied to the common rosewood ofcabinet-makers. (See Arnaudon, “Ciment.,” viii., p. 278).
Paracarthamin is obtained by the action of sodium amalgam upon rutin.It is turned green by alkalies, and red by acids. It is found in dogwood, theblackberry, the willow-stem, and in the bark of certain acacias.
Phycocyan, Phycoerythrin, Phycohaematin, are blue and red coloursobtained by Kiitzing from sea-weed ( Bytiplea tinctoria). The colours arequickly destroyed by sunlight.
Pittacal.—On adding baryta-water to solution of picamar (tar-oil deprivedof its acid), pittacal falls down as a dark-blue powder, inodorous, non-volatile,very sparingly soluble in water. It dissolves in sulphuric acid with a greencolour, having a crimson cast. With tin and alum mordants, it dyes fastblues on cotton.
Polygonum tindtorium.—The fresh leaves are exhausted with ether, anda portion of the liquid is distilled off, when some indigo-blue is separated.The remainder is evaporated to dryness, and exhausted with alcohol. Theextradt is filtered, evaporated again to dryness, and the residue exhausted withhot water. A hard reddish mass remains, insoluble in water, slightly solublein alkaline liquids and in acetic acid, and readily soluble in ether. Thealcoholic solution forms a fine red lake with alum.
Pomegranate Root Bark.—This bark yields shades similar to thoseobtained from quercitron bark.
Purple Heart.—The wood of Copiaba pubifolia, a tree of Guayana. Itproduces purple shades with tin and alum mordants.
Privet Berries contain ligulin, a crimson dye, soluble in water and alcohol,but insoluble in ether. Privet leaves contain ligustrin, insoluble in ether andalcohol, but soluble in water and dilute alcohol. Sulphuric acid turns thesolution a deep indigo-blue, which, when diluted with water, becomes violet.These solutions are not precipitated by metallic salts.