MORDANTS.

525

Yellow and Orange Spirit.

Double muriate, at 8o° Tw.5 lbs. n ozs.

Mix—Oil of vitriol.2 ,,

Water .2 „

And when cool add the mixture to the double muriate. The more tin and theless free acid occur in the double muriate, the more the cloth will exhibit abeautiful greenish refledtion if it be held up to the light, and the eye directedhorizontally along its surface.

Another Yellow Spirit.

Hydrochloric acid, 3 parts ; sulphuric acid, 1 part; water, 1 part; as muchfeathered tin as it will take up. The heat should not rise above 60° F.

Scarlet Finishing Spirit.

Take 3 pints muriate of tin, at 54° Tw.;

2 ozs. oxalic acid, dissolved in hot water sufficient to reduce the wholeto 40° Tw.

This spirit, as its name implies, is used for “ raising ” or finishing grain scar-lets which have been begun with the “ bowl-spirit ” or “scarlet spirit”described below, under the sesqui-salts of tin. It gives extreme fire andbrilliance. Some dyers consider that a richer and mellower shade is obtainedif half the oxalic acid above specified is replaced with tartaric. In someestablishments this spirit is used at once along with grain or lac, without thepreliminary application of the “ scarlet spirit.” This is especially the casewhen hard worsted trimmings have to be dyed. In such cases it is usedwithout tartar. For softer goods it is better to increase the strength of themuriate of tin up to 6o° or even 70° Tw. This is especially recommendedfor grain orange, maize, and similar shades.

Another Scarlet Finishing Spirit.

Take 16 quarts muriate of tin, at 54° Tw.:

1 pint oil of vitriol:

3 lbs. water.

The sulphuric acid and water are mixed, allowed to cool, and then added tothe muriate of tin : 1 lb. oxalic acid is next dissolved in 10 lbs. water, and thesolution is added to the other ingredients. When this spirit is used from thecommencement in scarlet-dyeing, and not merely for finishing, tartar isrequired in the ordinary proportions.

Purple, Plum, or Puce Spirit.

Take good muriate of tin, at 70° Tw.2 gals.

Mix sulphuric acid and water till the mixture stands at 28° Tw.

When cool add of this.

And stir well.

Oxalate of Tin.—This name is very improperly used. A real oxalate oftin can scarcely be said to be known in commerce, but all mixtures of muriateof tin with oxalic acid, and with or without sulphuric acid, are sold under thisname, often abbreviated into “ Ox. Tin.”