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SHEFFIELD STEEL—FIG AND BAD IRON—SOPWITIPS COLLECTION. [Clash I.

Rogers * (patentees ', are good illustrations of the processpeculiarly employed in their manufacture. The Jurybeing satisfied that the objects exhibited are of fine qua-lity, and that some of them are difficult of execution,especially the sheets of galvanized tin-plate, which areof unusual size, measuring 8 feetbv 3, have awarded thema Medal.

Specimens of Fare Metals and Metallic Compounds.

(477, p. 166.)

Messrs. Johnson and Mattiiey, chemical manufac-turers, have exhibited a complete collection illustratingthe manufacture of platinum; consisting of crucibles, cap-sules, and a large pan of that metal. But that which liaschiefly interested the Jury, and has induced them togrant a Prize Medal to these exhibitors, is the series ofproducts, including palladium, iridium, rhodium, and ura-nium.

Sheffield Steel.

The steel of Sheffield has long enjoyed an European reputation. Almost every country is a tributary to itsworks; and notwithstanding that manufactures of steelhave risen up indifferent parts of the Continent within thelast twenty years, Sheffield has not ceased to develop itsbeautiful industry. Six firms have sent contributions tothe Crystal Palace , and the Jury, after having made acareful examination, have decided to give a Medal toeach of them ; and notwithstanding that two have sent amore numerous and more neatly-arranged collection thanthe others, they are thus all placed on the same footing.These respective firms are—

Johnson, Cam.mkll, and Co. of the Cyclop Steel Works(xxii., 109, p. 605.)

Cocker, S., and Son, Porter SteelWorks. (xxii., 115,

p. 606.)

Teuton and Sons (xxii., 190, p. 611', and

Kyrk, Ward, and Co., f (xxii., 203, p. 615).

The'objects exhibited by these two firms represent thesame manufactures.

Butcher, W. and S.J (xxij., 192, p. 614.)

Naylor, Vickers, and Co. (xxii., 199, p. 615.)

These different manufacturers have exhibited varioussamples of steel in ingot and bar, and adapted for all pur-poses.

Two manufacturers, Messrs. Johnson, Cainmell, andCo., and Messrs. Naylor and Co. (p. 605), have also exhi-bited models of their -works. That of Messrs. Johnson israther a general plan than a true model, but Messrs.Naylor (p. 615) have forwarded a model complete in allthe furnaces, on a scale of an inch to a foot. It is finishedwith much care; the furnaces are so contrived that theycan be opened, thus showing their internal arrangement aswell as their external form. The works of Messrs. Naylorcontain eight converting furnaces, nine melting furnaceswith 90 “ holes,” or 180 crucibles. They employ 150workmen, and produce annually 2,300 tons of steel. Thisis about a sixteenth part of the whole quantity of steelmade in Sheffield, which may be taken at 35,000 tons,of which 18,000 are cast steel.

Besides the instruction which the study of Messrs.Naylor’s model is calculated to afford, the exhibition oftheir products is remarkable for an arrangement whichadmits of the different processes of steel making, from thecementation to the final production of bars for sale, beingexamined.

We must also mention, as amongst the objects exhibitedby Sheffield, two ingots of steel which may bear compari-son in size with the fine specimens exhibited by M. Ivrupp,of Dusseldorf (649, p. 1086). One of these, from the esta-blishment of Messrs. Cocker and Son (115, p. 606), weighsOcwt. 3 qrs. 18 lbs. The other, called the monster ingot,weighs 2,688 lbs. It is 5 ft. 11 in. long, and nearly 14 in.in diameter, and was manufactured at Messrs. Turton’sworks. (190, p. 614.)

* These Exhibitors receive a Medal in Class XXII., inwhose Award List their names are inserted.—I. W.

t These Exhibitors receive Medals in Class XXI., inwhose Award List their names are inserted.—I. W

X These Exhibitors receive Medals in Class XXL, inwhose Award List their names arc inserted.—I. W.

Manufacture of Pig and Bar-Iron . Low Moor Iron

Works (xxii., 85, p. 601), and Bowling Iron Com-pany. (xxii., 83, p. 600.)

The Jury has awarded a Medal to each of the establish*ments mentioned above, which have both exhibited tieirproducts, consisting of ores of iron, pig-iron, slags, coal,and bar-iron of different kinds, most of the specimens ofthe latter being bent and twisted, illustrative of the usesto which they may be applied, and of their respectivequalities.

Although the Jury have placed these fine establishmentstogether, it is only right to say that the exhibition of theLow Moor Works belonging to Messrs. Ilird, Dawson,and Hardy ip. 601), is the more complete of the two.They have added to the raw materials and the iron, seve-ral objects manufactured in east iron, especially a gua ofvery large calibre, solid and other shot, and cylinders orcrushing rollers used in sugar mills.

Galvanised Iron and Copper Wire Ropes, (xxii.,30, p. 595.)

Messrs. Wilkins and Weatherly* have exhibitedvarious samples of their manufacture of metal ropes andcables made according to Mr. Smith’s patent. The Juryhave recognised the excellent workmanship of these cablesby awarding a Prize Medal to the manufacturer.

Coal Trade of Northumberland and Durham.

(273, pp. 146, 147.)

The Committee of the Coal Trade of Neweastle-on-Tyne has exhibited several instructive documents on thegeology of their district and the methods adopted in work-ing the mines. These include-—

1. A map of the coal field of Durham and North-umberland , on which are marked the position ofeach shaft, the railways connected with each, thefaults and other remarkable accidents which havedisturbed or removed the beds.

2. Two sections of the field, one from north tosouth and the other from east to west, showing therelative position and thickness of all the beds.

3. A synopsis affording explanatory details of themap and sections.

4. A model, or relief plan of one of the principalmines in Northumberland , in which the mode ofworking and ventilating the mines of the district isindicated in detail.

5. Safety lamps used in the Durham and Northum-berland mines, and models of apparatus employed inraising the coal to the pit mouth, and conveying it tothe place of embarkation.

6. Lastly, a complete collection illustrating thecoal formation, including all the varieties of coalfound in this important field, the rock associated withthem, and specimens of the vegetable markings. Wehave noticed in this splendid collection, containing 36■well-marked specimens of Ulodendron majits andUlodemhon minus, fossils extremely rare in manycoal fields.

This collection affords, therefore, a most useful seriesfor instruction, by completely illustrating the most im-portant coal field of England,’which gives employment to26,000 workmen, and aunually supplies about eight mil-lions of tons of coal.

Collection of Lead Ores and Lead Manufacture.

(484, pp. 168—172.)

Mr. Thomas Sopwitfi, F.R.S., has exhibited a com-plete series illustrating the production of lead, consistingof ores from several mines in the north of England, andspecimens showing the different mechanical preparationsand smelting processes for obtaining merchantable lead.These specimens are placed in eases with the productsobtained, so as to show at a single glance everythingbelonging to the establishment.

To render this collection more interesting, and really ameans of instruction, Mr. Sopwith has added sections of

* These Exhibitors were awarded a Prize Medal by the! Jurv of Class XXII., in whose List their names appear,—( I. W.