72
GUMS, RESINS, AND GUM-RESINS IN LIVERPOOL COLLECTION.
[Class IV.
eluded; the countries from which the 33,136 cwts. were
imported in 1849, are as follows:—
Cwts.
The East Indian Empire - - 13.C87
Egypt ------ 6,232
South African Colonies — — 4.876
Aden ------ 397
Trance - - — - - — 212
Miscellaneous ----- 172
Total - - - - 33.136
Of the resins and oleo-resins, the most important areturpentine and lac. Of the former, 412,042 cwts. wereimported in 1849, nearly the whole of which was broughtfrom the United States . The quantity of lac imported in1849 was 14,786 cwts.; of this, 14,556 cwts. were theproduce of the East Indian empire.
The collection of resins exhibited by E. Rea (116, p.204*), shown as illustrations of the chief substances used inthe manufacture of varnish and lacquers, See., is completeand interesting, comprising a tolerably numerous seriesof the various resinous substances employed by manu-facturers. The specimens are good, well arranged andshown. The collection includes a good series of lac,namely, the insects themselves, the Coccus lacca, which,living on the branches of various trees, cause the lac toform and collect as an incrustation on the young shootsand twigs. The chief varieties of lac known in commerce,both from Siam and from Bengal, namely, stick lac,seed lac, orange and ruby shell lac, lump and button lac;lac dye, and the various colours prepared from it; andwhite or bleached lac, together with samples of the lacwax, which separates from it duriug the process of puri-fication. Of the hard resins, there are good specimens ofcopal, aninie, kauri gum or New Zealand copal, dammeror East Indian copal, colophony or rosin, the resin ofcommon turpentine, sandrac or sandaracb, mastic, dra-gon’s-blood, and the line resin of the black-boy or grasstree of Australia , Xanthorhcea Australis. Two perfectlydistinct resins are obtained from the Xanthorhcea, namely,
: the “black-boy gum,” a dark red brittle brilliant resin;j and the “ yellow gum,” an orange yellow resin resemblingi gamboge, which contains benzoic and cinnamic acids.
I These valuable resins, it is said, may be had in largequantities, and at a low price; they are gradually cominginto use in the manufacture of varnish, and for otherpurposes; being in some respects quite as good, if notsuperior to, shell lac. Bleached lac is extensively usedin the manufacture of the finer sorts of sealing-wax: thewax which separates during the purification of the lac iscomparatively little known; it is a hard substance, readilyfusible, and may be well employed in taking easts, whichit does with great sharpness. It is probable also that itI might be advantageously used to mix with other andmore fusible materials in the manufacture of candles. Of| the oleo-resins and balsams there are varieties of common; turpentine and Canada balsam, elemi, and thus or frank-| incense. The Jury awarded a Prize Medal for this eol-j lection.
j A series of the ordinary turpentines of commerce isi shown by English ’s Patent Camphine Company- of Hull! (61, p. 199*), accompanied by samples of resin, and refinedoil of turpentine, and an interesting collection of thevarious insects found in crude turpentine. The specimensof resin are by no means first-rate; they serve merely asj illustrations of the ordinary articles ns commonly metwith in commerce. The collection also contains a| number of samples of oils and oil-seeds (see page 80).
| The Jury deemed the whole series worthy of Honourablej Mention.
Some very capital specimens of various resins and gum-resins are exhibited in the interesting collection of theLondon Drug Trade (Class II. 117, p. 199). These areespecially valuable because several samples of each sub-; stance are shown, those of first-rate quality being con-trasted with the ordinary commercial products. TheJury considered this part of the series well worthy ofHonourable Mention.
In the very admirable and instructive collection ofLrvERi>oOLlMPORTs(seepage69,&c.)there is a numerousseries of gums, resins, and gum-resins. The chief ofthese are enumerated in the following Table; the lastcolumn shows the quantity of each substance which liasbeen imported into Liverpool during the last two years.
Name.
Ammoniacum - - - -
Anime ------
Assafcetida - - - - -
,. 2nd quality - -
Benzoin (drop) — — - —
Benzoin ------
„ 1st quality - - —
,, 2nd quality — — —
„ 3rd quality - - —
„ 4th quality - _
Black-boy resin - - - -
Burgundy pitch — - - -
Canada balsam - - - -
Copaiba balsam - - - -
Dragon’s-blood — - - —
Dragon’s-blood (tears) - —
Elemi
Frankincense — - - _
Gamboge, pipe — - —
Gamboge, lump - - -
Guaiacum — — - _
Gum-arabic - — — -
Gum-arabic elect - - -
Gum-barbary — - -
Gum-oomrawuttee - —
Gum-gedda - - - -
Gum-senega l- — - -
Gum-tragacanth, or dragon -Gutta percha - - - _
Lac, stick - - - - -
Plant which yields it.
Dorema ammoniacum -----
Narthax assafcetida ----- -
„ „ _ — — _ —Boswellia thurifera ------
Styrax benzoin -------
,, ,, — — — — — — —
Xanthorhcea arborea - — - - — -
Abies balsamea - — —
Siphonea elastica ------
Copaifera sp. -------
lfymemra sp. (?) ------
Dammara Australis ------
Trachylobium Martinianum - - - -
Draccena draco -------
Dorema ammoniacum — - - - -
Hcbradendron -------
Guaiacum officinale ------
Acacia vera, Arabiea, and other species —
Acacia gummifera (?) — - — — —
?> 5} “ ~ ”
„ ,, _____
Astragalus gummifera and other species -lsonandra gutta -------
Coccus lacca _______
Whence Imported.
i
1849
1S50
Bombay
Tons.
14
Tons. Cwts.
17 0
-
-
-.
14
17 0
?)
-
-
-;
7
2 n
n
-
-
-
-
Singapore
-
-
_
4
7 0
?5
—
—
—
—
—
?J
-
—
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
_
_
Swan River
_
_
_
_
_
Hamburg
_
_
_
_
n 10
Quebec —
_
_
—
_
0 17
Maranham
_
_
_
40
500 0
Para -
-
-
7
n 0
-
—
14
17 0
_
—
14
17 0
_
_
_
8 } 0
-
-
-
-
0 18
—
-
—
—
0 5
Hamburg
_
-
-
017
—
—
—
—
0 6
_
-
_ j
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
4
7 0
Turkey —
_
-
_
27
32 0
„ —
—
—
_
—
_
Mogadorc
_
-
_
_
_
East Indies
_
_
—
14
17 0
Gedda -
_
_
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
Smyrna -
_
_
_
_
15 O
Singapore
-
-
-
200
280 O
-
-
-
1
22 O