80
RAPE, OLIVE, AND ALMOND OILS—LIVERPOOL BIPORTS.
[Class IV.
have been then taken up extensively, probably in con-sequence of the difficulty of purifying it. It has, how-ever, been extracted, for some time, in Egypt, America ,and India . Of late years this oil has attracted a gooddeal of attention; and means have been devised of purify-ing it, and removing the dark colour which it possessesin the raw state. Very large quantities of cotton seedare destroyed every year; as far more seed is producedthan is required for the next year’s ,crop: this, for themost part, has hitherto been thrown away as useless, orused as manure; its value is now, however, so far acknow-ledged, that in some places it is collected and exportedfor the manufacture of oil and oil-cake. The oil seemsto be well worthy of attention. The Jury consider thespecimens shown by Mr. Burn, valuable and instructive,especially as they are accompanied by much useful in-formation, and they therefore awarded to him a PrizeMedal.
Some very good samples of rape, olive, and almond oil,are exhibited by Messrs. W. Brotherton and Co. (23,p. 196*'), including specimens of rape-seed, both of Eng-lish and foreign growth, in its natural state, and as pre-pared for pressing. The exhibitor has found good rapeoil to be better suited than any other oil, for the lubri-cation of machinery, when properly purified from themucilage, &c., which it contains in the raw state. Rapeoil is now 7 used, extensively, for locomotives, for marineengines, and also for burning in lamps. It is stated thata locomotive consumes between 90 and 100 gallons of oilyearly; and the annual consumption of oil by the Londonand North Western Railway for this purpose alone ismore than 40,000 gallons. Mr. Brotherton finds, thatgood English -grown rape yields oil of superior quality toany foreign seed which he has tried; and he consequentlyrecommends its cultivation to agriculturists: he statesthat an acre of land yields nearly five quarters of seed,•worth at present 50s. per quarter. The inferiority of theoil obtained from Indian or colonial seed, probably de-pends on the want of sufficient care being paid to thepurity and cleanliness of the seed itself, and not on anyreal deficiency in the oil. The Jury deemed these samplesworthy of Honourable Mention.
Specimens of purified oil, employed for lubricatingmachinery, and in perfumery, are shown by F. IIielas(28, p. 197*). The oils are remarkably well purified,nearly colourless, and apparently devoid of all impurity;the Jury, therefore, awarded a Prize Medal.
I Specimens of essential oils, including sweet oil of tur-1 pontine, are exhibited by Barker and Co. (62, p. 199*).
Refined oil, prepared for the use of watch and clockmakers; and suitable for lubricating delicate machinery,is showm by W. A. Breauky (Class 11., 80, p. 196).
Good samples of linseed and rape oils are contributedby M*Garry and Sons (Class III., 132, p. 208).
Fine specimens of various volatile oils, especially theoil of cinnamon leaf, are included in the collection of theLondon Drug Trade (Class II., 117); and a good sampleof English attar of roses is exhibited by J. Bell (ClassII., 116, p. 199).
Specimens of clarified oil for machinery, and for burn-ing in lamps, are contributed by 5Y. A. Rose (Class IV.,27, p. 197*).
Samples of vegetable oils are shown by T. Peterson(Class III., 66, p. 204).
A good specimen of bleached linseed oil, for the manu-facture of varnish, is exhibited by H. Penney (Class IV.,
I 64, p. 199*).
\ In the collection of English ’s Patent Camphine Com-| pany (Class IV., 61, p. 199*), already alluded to, there: is a number of samples of new and refined oils : these are] valuable because they are accompanied by samples of the; seeds from which they are extracted. The Jury deemed■ these specimens worthy of Honourable Mention,j In the extensive collection of Liverpool Imports, there! is a valuable series of oils, including among the volatilei oils,—
1. Aniseed.
2. Borgamotte.
3. Cassia.
4. Carraway.
5. Cloves.
G. Cinnamon.
9.
10.
11 .
12 .
13. Nutmegs.
14. Orange.
15. Peppermint.
16. Rosemary.
17. Rose.
13. Thyme.
The collection of fixed oils consists of—
Poppy-seed - Papaver somniferum -
Ground-nut - Arachis hypogsea -
Castor - - - llicinus communis —
Seed - - - ,, „ -
Rape - — - Brassica napus - —
Olive — — — Olea europcea — —
East and Vest IndiesLisbon — - - -
Barbary - -
Malaga - - -
Palermo - -
Gallipoli
1849
1850
Tuns.
SO
6
3
56
,785
246
,243
280
, 785,420
Tuns.
3
90
45
700
15
5
8
2,330
2,100
762
15
8
4,815
The collection of oils exhibited by the HonourableEast India Company is very extensive, and contains alarge number of highly interesting specimens; it consti-tutes, in fact, one of the most important divisions of thevery valuable series of Indian raw produce which theyexhibit.
Among the volatile oils must be particularly specifiedthe attar of roses contributed by H. H. the Rajaii ofJeypore, H. II. the Rajah of Kotah, and II. H. theRajah of Kishingurh in the Rajpootana states; forthese the Jury severally awarded Prize Medals. Verysuperior attar of roses and rose-water are contributed byMessrs. Godfrey, of Ghazeepore (p. 878) ; for these, also,the Jury awarded a Prize Medal.
Besides these species of attar, or oil of roses, a numberof other volatile oils are exhibited, many of which arevery good; and also a series of artificial attars, or mix-tures of various highly-scented volatile oils, with fixedoils, obtained in the manner sometimes adopted in pre-
paring spurious attar of roses. Oil of aloes wood is con-tributed from Nepal, Rajpootana, and Ghazeepore ; andoil of saffron by H. H. the Rajah of Kotah (p. 878),from the Rajpootana states.
Several good specimens of the attar of keora, theodorous principle of the fragrant yellow flowers of thescrew pine, or Pandanus odoratissimus , are contributed byH. H. the Rajah of Kotah and others (p. 878). Someexcellent attars prepared from various flowers are alsosent by a native perfumer at Benares; the samples ofJasmine attar, Jasminum grandiflorum and J. sambac; thekhus-khus attar, obtained from the Andropogon muricatum ,and the attars of Chumeylee, Beyla, Begla, and Moteya,are especially good; and were deemed worthy of Honour-able Mention.
Grass-seed oil, obtained from the Andropogon schcenan-thns (or Calamus aromatiens), accompanied by a portionof the seed, and some of the dried plant itself, are con-tributed from Mahva by R. N. Hamilton, resident at