Class IV.] VARIOUS SERIES OF "WOODS AXD TIMBER—EXGLTSII, SCOTCH, &c.

121

A very beautiful series of about 1GO samples of themost useful and ornamental woods from various parts ofthe world is shown by Messrs. R. and J. Harrison (6,pp. 195*, 196*). The woods are all cut in the form ofbooks, and admirably exhibit the grain and other pecu-liarities of each specimen. For this collection also, theJury awarded a Prize Medal.

A collection of ornamental foreign woods, and othermaterials employed in cabinet-work, is shown by Messrs.

R. Fauntleroy and Sons (135, pp. 205*, 206*). The num-ber of woods about fifty, the specimens being all cut andpolished, so as to show the grain and colour of the wood :to the greatest advantage. Of most of the woods, two ior three specimens are shown side by side, one in the ;rough, or with the bark on, one in section, and a thirdcut longitudinally and polished. For this series the Juryawarded a Prize Medal.

A valuable and instructive series of all the principal :woods used for turning is shown by Messrs. IIoltzapffel j(14, p. 19G*), the character of each wood illustrated by !the end of the specimen being turned, so as to show how :it works under the tool in the lathe. For this collection 'the Jury awarded a Prize Medal. j

Some remarkably fine specimens of veneering, in wal- :nut and rosewood, are exhibited by Messrs. E. Scott andCo. (19). To these the Jury awarded a Prize Medal.

A valuable and extensive collection of 63 of the tim-bers and ornamental woods of England is contributed by

S. Cross (136, pp. 206*, 207*, 208*). This was deemedworthy of Honourable Mention.

The series of Scotch woods shown in Messrs. Lawson’s ,collection (Class III., p. 206) is interesting on accountof the beauty of the specimens, the excellent manner in '■which they are arranged and shown, and the instructive |mode in which the characters and peculiar properties of jeach tree are made evident. The sections of grafts and |diseases of trees are peculiarly good. Praise is also dueto this, as to all the other divisions of Messrs. Lawson’s icollection, for the excellent catalogue which accompanies ;it, and which is full of useful information. The fol- jlowing is the list of the timber, ornamental, and fruit- ,trees:— !

Acer campestre - - -

„ platanoides — - -

„ pseudo-platanus - -

,, saccharinum - -

,, striatum - - -

JEsculus hippocastanum -Alnus glutinosa — - -

„ incana — - - -

Amygdalus communis -Arbutus unedo - - -

Caragana arboresccns — —

Carpinus betulus - - -

Castanea vesca - - -

Cerasus lusitanica - -

„ padus - - -

„ sylvestris - —

., vulgaris - - -

Crataegus coccinea — -

„ oxyacantha - -

„ punctata - -

Cupressus sempervirens -thyoides - -

Cydonia vulgaris - - —

Cytisus alpinus - - -

„ laburnum - - -

„ scoparius - - —

Fagus sylvatica - - -

Fraxinus excelsior - —

Ilex aquifolium - - —

Juglans regia — - — -

Juniperus virgininna - -

Mespilus germanica — —

Ornus europasa - - -

Pinus Canadensis - - -

„ abies — - — -

,, balsamea — — —

alba — - - -

picea — -larix — —

„ microcarpa

— Field maple.

— Norway maple.

— Sycamore .

— Sugar maple.

— Striped maple.

— Horse chestnut.

— Alder.

— Hoary-leaved alder.

— Almond.

— Arbutus.

— Siberian pea tree.

— Hornbeam .

— Sweet chestnut.

— Portugal laurel.

— Bird cherry.

— "Wild cherry.

— Cherry.

— Scarlet thorn.

— Hawthorn .

— Dotted thorn.

— Italian cypress.

— "White cedar.

— Quince .

— Alpine laburnum.

— Laburnum.

— Broom.

— Beech.

— Ash.

— Holly.

— "Walnut.

— Red cedar.

— Medlar.

— Flowering ash.

— Hemlock spruce.

— Silver fir.

— American silver fir.

— White spruce.

— Black spruce.

— Norway spruce.

— Larch .

— American larch.

Pinus pendula - -

-

_

"Weeping larch.

„ cedrus— — —

—

—

Cedar of Lebanon .

„ sylvestris — —

_

-

Scotch fir.

„ laricio — - —

-

-

Corsican pine.

„ laricio austriaca

-

-

Black Austrian pine.

„ pinaster - -

-

-

Pinaster.

„ strobus - -

—

—

Weymouth pine.

„ cembra — —

—

—

Swiss stone pine.

Populus alba - - -

-

-

White poplar.

„ nigra - -

—

—

Black poplar.

Prunus domestica —

—

_

Plum.

,, spinosa - —

-

-

Sloe.

Pyrus aucuparia — —

-

-

Mountain ash .

„ communis - —

—

—

Pear.

„ malus — — —

-

-

Apple.

Quercus cerris - -

—

-

Turkey oak.

,, cocciuca— -

—

—

Scarlet oak.

» iiex - -

-

-

Evergreen oak.

„ pedunculata -

—

-

Common oak.

„ sessiliflora -

—

—

Ditto.

Robinia pseudo-acacia

_

-

Locust tree.

Rhododendron aiboreum

—

—

Rhododendron.

., ponticum

_

-

Pontic ditto

Salix alba — — —

-

-

White willow.

., Babylonica —„ caprea — —

„ Forbyana —„ fragilis - —

„ Kusseliiana —„ triandra -,, viminalis —Sambucus nigra —Taxus baccata —Thuja occidentalisUlinus campestris„ montana —Viburnum opulus

- Weeping willow .

- Goats’ willow.

- Forby’s willow.

- Craek willow.

- Bedford willow.

- Basket willow.

- Osier.

- Elder.

- Yew .

- Arbor vitae.

- Elm.

- Wych elm.

- Guelder rose .

The collection of foreign woods included in the Liver-pool series of imports is also highly deserving of notice:many of the specimens are unusually fine, and they areall well shown and arranged. (See p. 69.)

Besides these more important collections, various sin-gle specimens deserving Honourable Mention are exhi-bited. Among these are some samples of woods grownin Perthshire and Argyleshire by the Marquis of Breadal-bane (134, p. 205*); a sample of Scotch fir grown inStrathavon, from Sir W. Murray, Bart. (137, p. 208*); aseriesof Irish woods exhibited by J. Long (47, p. 198*) ;a small collection of Irish woods contributed by J. Clas-son (22, p. 196*). These were severally deemed worthyof Honourable Mention.

Beautiful specimens are exhibited of St. Domingo ma-hogany, from Messrs. Gillow and Co. (15, p. 196*) ; andsome remarkably handsome oak veneers from an oakgrown in Whittlebury Forest, Northamptonshire , arealso exhibited by Messrs. Gillow (Class XXVI. 186,p. 748). These were severally deemed worthy of Ho-nourable Mention.

A picture-frame exhibited by D. Samuels-(21a, p.196*),formed of various common English woods, chiefly oak,elm, and ash, was deemed worthy of Honourable Men-tion.

Some good specimens of English 'woods are likewiseexhibited by F. C. Fitch (8, p. 196*).

Several specimens of bog wood of different kinds, andfrom various localities, are shown. Among these areslabs of bog oak, yew, and fir, from Lord Dillon (138,p. 208*) ; and bog fir from the Marquis of Breadalbane(134, p. 205*). These were severally deemed worthy ofHonourable Mention.

In connexion with the various collections of wood,attention must be paid to the different processes for sea-soning and preserving it from the influence of theweather, dry rot, and the attacks of insects, boring-worms, &c. * These and other causes form very seriousobstacles to the use of wood for many purposes; andaccordingly a number of plans have from time to timebeen proposed, having for their object the cheap andeffectual preservation of wood. Among these schemes,five in particular have attracted especial attention;namely, the plans of Messrs. Kyax, Boucherie, Bur-nett, Bethell, and Payne. Of these, the first and last