133
adjusted, as to the loading of its valves, for each particular . useful effects of the two above-mentioned rams at thecase in which it is applied. The following Table con- ! Exhibition by Mr. Hatcher:—tains the results of experiments made to determine the j
Name
of Exhibitor.
| Number of Experi-
ment.
s> .
> T.
>■%c c
c .5
cy _
1 1 ?
I |
1 |-=f
Quantity of Waterin Gallonspassed into Ham.
Quantity of Waterraised by
Ram in Gallons.
1." O
~ u >
u “
> -p itit >
° s 2
eg Z Z ®
S-.
•- c— ox “ ~
— 3-~ "X M
C i,
jii
"3 ~
— ©
I n
f Eg ? §
Absolute.
Per
Minute.
Absolute.
Ter
Min utc.
3-5 f =
big o C
t -f E t
4 e
Roe and Hansom
1
5
70
2*92
107-00
8-92
G ‘87
0*57
20-81
45
0-064
Ditto- - -
2
ti,
60
101-Of)
11-23
6*25
0*69
44
0*062
Ditto- - -
3
tit
74
> j
95*11
3-14
1*81
0-06
5 J
13
0*019
Easton and Amos
1
_
44
5*26
76-27
5-63
6*62
0*66
19-87
44
0*117
Ditto- - -
2
45
5*42
28*36
5*67
3*31
0*66
42
0*116
Ditto- - -
3
20
5*21
49*41
9-88
3*03
0*61
23
0*062
Ditto- - -
4
} full
—
5-33
41*17
8*23
3*06
0*61
28
0*074
Ditto - - -
5
■fg
68
5*5
11-43
2*28
2*19
0*44
69
0-191
Ditto- - -
6
i
52
5*44
21*05
4-21 ■
3*31
0-66
5 5
Oi
0*157
Hydraulic Presses.
The Prize Medal was awarded to the two following:—
No. 412, pp. 228-230. The Rank Quay FoundryCompany, Warrington, for a large hydraulic press, usedfor raising the tubes of the Britannia Bridge. This press,one of the largest ever constructed, has a ram 20 inchesin diameter, and a stroke of 6 feet; it lifted, when raisingthe Britannia Bridge, a deadweight of 1,144 tons, thecylinder sustaining a pressure of nearly 4 tons (3*809) persquare inch. It employed an engine of 15-horse powerfor about half an hour to drive water enough into thecylinder to complete one lift of the press with this weight,or to raise it G feet. The weight to be raised was sus-pended by chains from the two extremities of a crossheadof cast iron fixed on the top of the ram. To strengthenthis crosshead, slabs of wrought iron were shrunk uponthe top of it, 29 inches thick. The total weight of thepress as exhibited is from 60 to 70 tons.
Jackson, P. R., Salford Rolling Mills, Manchester,(G82, p. 249), sends a model of a powerful hydraulicpress, which will lift upwards of 3,000 tons. r lo formthe cylinder of this press, rings of wrought iron are shrunkon a thin surface of cast iron. Thus great strength isobtained with a comparatively small weight of metal.
Honourable Mention is made of Bellhouse, E. T. &Co., Eagle Foundry, Manchester (41G, p. 230), for theirhydraulic press for packing cotton or other material inbales.
Water Meters.
The labours of the Health of Towns Commission havegiven fresh importance to the invention of water-meters.To afford an unlimited supply of water it is necessarythat some means should be afforded of measuring thequantity each house consumes. If each house were pro-vided with a reservoir, into which the water for its con-sumption were from time to time received, and fromwhich it was distributed, this would be comparativelyeasy by means of a meter constructed on the principle ofa rain-gauge with a divided chamber and a tumblingshoot. The desideratum is, however, to measure theefflux directly from the pipes, under whatever pressure
fact to the researches of M. Morin at the Conservatoire desArts et Metiers , who has recorded it in the following wordson the original ram of Mongolfier, which is preservedthere:—“Belier Ilydraulique etabli, par John Whitehurst in 1772, a Oulton, Cheshire, pour la service de la Brasseried’Egerton, et rendu automoteur par Joseph Mongolfier en1796, au moyen dime seconde soupnpe.” It is due to themanufacturers of the rams on which the experiments were :made, to state that the arrangements of the ExhibitionBuilding did not allow* of the water being admitted through(what they considered to be) a sufficient length of straightpipe to obtain the greatest useful effect.
the service may be made, aud to dispense with the re-servoir.
Five different contrivances for this object are exhibited.The Jury has, however, found noue so far perfected as tosatisfy the conditions of a good meter. In the majorityof them the measurement is made by the revolution of afan, like a screw-propeller, fixed within the pipe, auddriven round by the effluent stream. Among other ob-jections to which this principle of construction is liable, isthe fact that a considerable leakage may be obtainedwithout giving sufficient motion to drive the fan.
A water-meter, exhibited by Donkin, Bryan, & Co.(42, p. 218), is constructed on the well-known principleof the disc steam-engine. Although this is free from thedefects which belong to meters constructed on the prin-ciple of the revolving fan, it is open to those of insecurepacking and unequal wear.
Cranes, &c.
The Prize Medal is awarded to the following Ex-hibitors :—
No. 404, p. 227. Fox, Henderson, & Co. Derrickcrane. This great crane was used in the constructionof the Exhibition building itself, and for placing in it theheavy machines exhibited. When required to remove agreat weight at a great distance from the vertical columnof the crane, the huge arm or derrick is made to descendby the unwinding of a chain from one of its windlasses,a second windlass, driven by the intervention of a wheeland pinion, from the first, is made to wind up a chain,which, passing over a pully at the end of the derrick, liftsthe weight; thus counteracting the effect on the weightof the descent of the extremity of the derrick, and keep-ing it always at the same distance above the ground. Toproduce this compensation accurately, it is necessary togive to one of the windlasses the form of a clock fusee.
No. 44, p. 218. Armstrong, W. G., Newcastle-upon-Tyne . Model hydraulic crane for unshipping coals, andfor railway stations, docks, and quays. The pressure ofwater—accumulated by the action of a steam-engine in acylindrical reservoir loaded with a heavy weight, whichcylinder, like a gasometer, rises as it becomes filled—ismade by mechanical expedients, of great ingenuity, tocommunicate the required motions to the crane.
No. 434, pp. 233, 234. M‘Nichol and Vernon, Liver-pool. Working model of a patent steam-travelling crane,for lifting and removing heavy weights in timber-yards,goods’ deputs on railways, &c.
Like the ordinary hand-travelling crane, this machinemoves upon a tram-road laid upon longitudinal beams,raised from 15 to 20 feet above the ground. A squareshaft runs the entire length of this road, and is connectedat one extremity with the engine, which causes it torevolve. This shaft is supported by brackets, whichswing on centres: so that each may be readily displaced