Class IX. j
CHURNS—DRAINING-; TILE-MACHINES.
239
of potatoes for pigs; but even diseased potatoes, if nottoo far gone, by being thus treated, may be rendered goodvictuals and be stored up for months. It seems hardlyworth while to set up expensive fixtures for this purposeonly, especially as we have an excellent apparatus, Mr.Stanley’s, which, like Soyer’s magic stove, may be usedwhen aud where it is wanted. When tried* at York, itheated 126 gallons of water, while another heated but 70,little more than half, with the same allowance of fuel;yet this inferior one had been the best two years before.
VI. Churns.
The pace of the churn was first accelerated by theAmericans, who sent us over a churn within the last fewyears that produced butter after ten minutes’ work. Itis not quite clear, however, whether this speed be compa-tible with the finest quality, for the New York Agricul-
tural Society was not satisfied with the butter so rapidlymade. The time in the present trials was reduced to twominutes, and even to one minute, but in the latter casewith cream which, having come from Jersey, had beenalready half churned by the steam-packet.
Thirteen churns were tried in the first trial, with ordinarycream of good quality; the annexed tabular form will givethe results. As will be seen, many of the churns workedequally well, and some of them which did not do so wellwould perhaps have shown a different result in an atmospheremore congenial to the making of butter. However, in bothtrials, the small family churn of Lavoisy did its work sowell that we awarded it a Prize Medal. Those of "Wil-kinson. and Burgess and Key, also proved themselves to beexcellent churns ; and there was awarded to each a PrizeMedal. The Belgian churn of Duchene, though not quiteperfect in every part, we consider entitled, as among theforeign churns, to a Prize Medal.
First Trial of Churns.
Exhibitors.
Cream.
Time.
Butter.
Residue.
Quality.
Form of Churn.
Thermometer.
Quarts.
Min.
sec.
lbs
oz.
Air.
Cream.
Wilkinson — — - -
4
11
0
3
8
—
Best - - -
W ood.
Tytherlcigh - - -
10
18
0
9
2
—
Soft - - -
Tin - - -
70
69
Destroy - — - -
4
16
0
3
12
—
Do.
Ditto - - - - -
9
11
0
8
12
—
Do. - - -
Patrick - - — - -
10
20
0
9
4
—
Do.
Burgess and Key - -
4
10
0
3
12
—
Second best —
Barrel.
Drummond, American
6
9
0
5
2
—
Not made -
W ood - -
72
71
Lavoisy — — - -
o
2
0
1
13
—
Third best —
Dalphin — — - -
6
8
0
5
0
—
Soft.
Allen — — — — —
6
7
30
4
2
—
Do.
—
77
74
De Pourquet - - -
3
9
0
2
6
—
Do.
, Duchene -----
19
9
0
7
9
—
Not all made.
Smith — - - - -
5
22
0
4
10
Indifferent —
Centrifugal.
Second Trial, with Jersey Cream.
Wilkinson - — - - 4
1 45
4 0.5
Best - - — Wood, box — \
Burgess and Key - - 4
l 45
4 2
—
Very good — Do. do. -; |
0 45
2 2
—
i ■)
1 45
l 05
—
Good - — Do. - - - I
2 30
27 0
—
Second best - Barrel, wood jj
VII. Draining.
This last class of machines, those connected with drain-ing, ought perhaps to have formed the first class, inas-much as draining is the only road to good culture on landwhich lies wet; but as much land does not require drain-ing, and as it does not belong to the regular task of thefarmer, but is a work to be done once for all by the land-lord, the machines employed in this mode of improvementhave been reserved to the end.
1. Tile Machines.
Twelve years ago. draining-tiles were made by hand,cumbrous arches with flat soles, costing respectively 50s.and 25s. per 1,000. Pipes have been substituted for these,made by machinery, which squeezes out clay from a boxthrough circular holes, exactly as macaroni is made atNaples, and the cost of these pipes averages from 20s,down to 12s. per 1,000. The old price was almost pro-hibitory of permanent drainage, excepting where stoneswere at hand; the new invention has reduced this per-manent improvement to a rate of 4/. or Si. per acre, notexceeding in cost the manure given to a single turnipcrop in some high-farmed districts. This result has beenobtained by a most spirited competition among mechanics,as no less than thirty-four different tile machines com-peted in 1848 at the York Meeting. Since then thestruggle has been practically between three only, on
* The trial of Mr. Stanley’s apparatus was overlookedaccidentally, because a trial was thought unnecessary, therebeing no moveable apparatus in competition ; but the Juryhaving decided that no prize should be awarded without |trial, the oversight could not be remedied. There was alsoa fixed apparatus which could not have been tried. j
which, in the present year, we have the following re-port :—
Trial of Tile Machinery .—I recommend to the considera-tion of the Jury the Tile and Brick Machines of Mr. Clay-ton, Mr. Scragg, and Mr. Whitehead.
I first tested their capacity in screening the earth. Theresult of this trial was that in five minutes
Mr. Clayton screened - 327 lbs. 2 men and boy.
Mr Whitehead - - - 361 „ 2 men.
Mr. Scragg ----- 202 „ 2 „
I give the preference to Mr. Clayton’s screen, as it clearsitself, and the portion rejected consisted almost entirely ofsmall stones, &c.; whereas the screens of Mr. Whiteheadand Mr. Scragg retained a large portion of clay'.
In the manufacture of large pipes, nine inches in diameter,by horizontal delivery and the use of a cylindrical horse,the machine of Mr. "NVhitehead was perfect.
Mr. Scragg has much simplified the internal arrangementof his machine by' substituting a chain for the rack andpinion: the pipes from this machine were not to be sur-passed for regularity and uniformity of shape. After acareful examination of the working of these machines, werecommend the horizontal delivery of Mr. Scragg and Mr.Whitehead in preference to the vertical delivery of Mr.Clayton, but especially call your attention to Roberts’spatent hollow and bonding bricks, as made by Clayton’smachine.
A. Hamond.
The pipes so made are placed under ground with nar-row spades; but in the form of the narrowest spade, if Imay venture to speak from my own experience, it is clearthat, so far as regards clay subsoils, a step has been taken! backward in substituting a concave tool for the old trian-j gular lance-headed tool of Essex, with which far moreI