INDEX. 803

manufactured at the foundry of A. Topper, of Scheibbs (Lower Austria ), 21. High reputation enjoyed by M.Topper for the able direction of his establishment andthe excellence of its produce, ib. Kconomy observed,ib. Use of the gases of the furnaces in some of theoperations, ib. Objects exhibited, ib. Assortment ofdifferent qualities of iron and steel from the MurauFoundry (Upper Styria ), ib. Excellent quality of thepig iron, bar iron, steel, and iron wire, from St. Aegide(Lower Austria ), ib. Collection of ores, pig iron,slags, iron and steel, from the community of Kad-ineister, at Vordenberg (Styria ), ib. Excellent qualityof the products of the foundries of Prince Fiirstenberg,in Bohemia, especially in boiler-plates, ib. Use of turffuel at the works of Count Von Bouquoi. at Kallich(Bohemia), ib. Fine quality of the bar and sheet iron,ib. Method of puddling and reheating iron carriedon by reverberatory furnaces at the Derno Foundry ofCount G. Andrassy, in Hungary , ib. Great economyin the manufacture of iron by this method, ib. Collec-tion of products from the foundry, ib.

4. Belgium .—Pig iron and specimens of iron from Ar-dennes (Namur ), bearing the mark [M B It], made withcharcoal, 22. Part of the iron intended for gun-barrels, ib. Not a single gun manufactured of thisiron has ever burst at the proving-house, ib. Superiorquality of the sheet iron and iron wire manufacturedby J. M. Urban and Son, *'6. ltolled coke iron of greatlength without joint, ib. Boll of galvanised iron wireof great length and strength, ib. Excellent quality ofsheet iron, manufactured at Liege , with wood fuel, ib.Excellence of an assortment of common and polishedsheet iron and steel from Huy (Belgium ), ib. Speci-mens of pig and rolled iron produced at the works ofthe Pommcreuil Smelting Company, ib. Pig andwrought iron, wheel tire for locomotives, manufac-tured iron, especially rails, from the works of theCockerill Company at Seraing (Liege ), 22, 23. Admi-rable construction of the Company’s machines, 23.Iron ores and bar iron from Couviu (Belgium ), ib. Ex-cellent quality of iron exhibited by the Marcinelle andCouillet Smelting Company, ib. Machines as well asthe raw produce exhibited, ib.

5. France .—Iron from the Bigny foundries, Cher (France ),

26. Excellence of the products, ib. Good quality ofiron from the works at Bruniquel. department of Tarnand Garonne (France ), ib. Moulded cast iron fromthe works of Messrs. Dietrich, at Niederbronn , ib.Excellence of the products, ib. Objects exhibited, 26,

27. Cliches for lithography, 26. Hollow iron andtubes manufactured by Messrs. Gandillot and Co.,Paris , 27. Purposes for which used, ib. Mode of ma-nufacture, ib. Great power of resistance of the doubletubes, designated without joint, ib. Descriptionthereof, ib. Iron and steel, produced by means of me-tallic sponges, from France , 28. Nature of the pro-cess, ib. Iron is obtained directly from the ore, ib.Keinarkable properties of the metallic sponge, ib.

G. Russia, Spain, and Sweden . —The working of iron andits manufacture, joined to the working of copper, theprincipal part of the mineral industry of Bussia. 33.Cast and wrought iron from Spain , 34. Ores of iron,and cast and wrought iron, from Sweden , 35.

7. Zollverein . — Samples of cast and wrought iron, and ofsheet iron of different thicknesses andlength, from theworks of the Boyal Iron Foundry at Malapane, 31.Iron of various descriptions and qualities from Iloche-lein, in Rhenish Bavaria, ib. Spathic iron and lamellarwhite pig iron, from the Boyal Forges at Lohe andStahlberg, near Sicgen, ib. —See also Furnaces , Iron ores ,Tin-plate.

Iron Stone-ware. —See Ceramic Manufactures.

Iron, Sulphate of. —Preparation thereof by the combi-nation of sulphuric acid with the residuary oxide ofiron of burnt pyrites. 42, 47. Samples of sulphate ofiron, 21, 43,44, 46, 49, 50.

Iron, Superphosphate of —Samples of, 45.

Iron-wire Ropes. —See Wire Hopes.

Iron, Works of Art in, 684.—See also Castings in Iron .

Ironmongery (Including Grates, Fenders, Locks, Sec.).—Pre-eminence may be justly claimed for the iron andsteel manufactures of the United Kingdom . 499. Ad-vantage afforded by a material so cheap and abundantindicated by the vast extent and variety of its uses, ib.No branch of industry employing iron need ever lan-guish on account of scarcity, dearness, or uncertaintyof supply, ib. Highly satisfactory state of these

! branches of industry in the United Kingdom , 499.Promising condition in respect to taste of these manu-factures, ib. Ornamental grates and fenders by Messrs.Hooie and Co., and Messrs. Stuart and Smith, ib. Re-markable progress of this manufacture, ib. Ornamentalgrates and fenders, chiefly manufactured in London,Edinburgh , and Sheffield, ib. Commoner descriptionof grates made in various parts of the kingdom, ib.Observations commendatory of the School of Design inSheffield ; services it has rendered to ornamental art, ib.Very few articles contributed by Continental manufac-turers, ib. Numerous examples of the ordinary kitchenrange, ib. Sound and substantial workmanship, ib.Jury not qualified to form an opinion on the actual,working merits of the various contrivances, ib. incon-venience of many of the ranges from their massivenessand wide space assigned for fuel, ib. Attention of themanufacturers might be advantageously directed toproduce a compact and economical range, ib. Nocooking stove or apparatus of first-rate manufacturefrom the Continent , ib. Contrivances recently inventedfor cooking and heating by gas, ib. Economy the chiefadvantage, 499, 500. Probable future importance ofthese contrivances, 500. General remarks on ironcastings, locks, and general ironmongery. 500, 501.Inferiority of the ironmongery of France , 501. Attri-butable to the restrictions imposed on the importationof the raw material, ib. Manufacture of tin plates, &c.,in the United Kingdom more than doubled since 1844,ib. Healthy and growing appearance of this branch ofindustry in this country, ib. Enamelled ware of Paris and the coating of tin by the new process, deserving ofnotice, ib. Process of enamelling extensively used, ib.Great activity of the trade of Germany and the Statesof the Zollverein, ib. Contributions from Westphalia ,ib. NV estphalia long celebrated for ironmongery andtin goods, ib. Common wares exported to this country,ib. Objects exhibited and awards, 501, 503, et seq.--See also Hardware.

Isabellenhutte Smelting Works (Dillenburg).—Prepara-tion of nickel and manufacture of German silver atthese works, 33. Arsenic obtained, and various alloysmanufactured, ib.

Isaieff, P., 353.

Isle, Kouget De 1’, 275.

Isle of Wight.— See Wight,Isle of.

Isler and Otto, 602.

“Isiimael” (Sculpture). — Remarks on this work byG. Strazza, 703.

Isinglass.— Has little claim on the attention of the Jury asan alimentary substance, 67. Favourable report of theEast Indian isinglass, made from the air bladder of asiluroid fish, ib. Sample of finely-prepared Russian isinglass, ib. Raw material owes the greater part ofits commercial value to its special organization, 166.Care necessary to be taken in order to obtain the bestquality, ib. Products of Russia hold the first rank, ib.Specimens exhibited and awards, ib. Specimens fromIndia of different kinds of isinglass in the raw state, 166.

Isodore and Brandt, 383.

Issmaver, J. M., 678.

Istche (The Girl), 484.

itzigsohn, Marcus, 353.

Italy . —Observations on the silk productions of thiscountry, 363. Remarks upon the typographic pro-ductions, 399. Statistics of the paper manufacture,444. Specimens of general hardware and iron manu-factures, 497. Inlaid and richly carved furniture,manufactured in Italy at the beginning of the sixteenthcentury. 544. Great excellence of the works contri-buted, ib. Art of inlaying woods practised from a veryearly date, 545. Extensively employed in the decorationof wall panelling, ib. Mosaics, 554. Interesting collectionof Italian marbles, forwarded by the Royal Techno-logical Institute of Tuscany, 561. Specimens of marbleand alabaster manufactures, 564. Works in serpentine,566. The Italian sculpture of the present day does notpossess any one general character, 7u3. Sec also Rome ,Sardinia , Tuscany .

Italy , Ancient.— Introduction of the glass manufactureinto, 522. Uses to which it was applied; specimensthat have been discovered, ib.

IvanofF, P., 160.

Ivory. —Fine ivory, distinguished by the decussatingcurvedlines on the surfaces of transverse fractures of the tusk,peculiar to the African and Asiatic elephant, 164.Best is obtained from the wild animals, ib. Deteriora-

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