830
INDEX.
pipes from Germany, Austrian and Prussian contribu-tions the most extensive, 671. Specimens of pipes fromthe British Colonies and in the Indian collection, ib.]Iabit of smoking very general in China, ib. Chinese pipes contributed, ib. Specimens of pipes in theEgyptian Court, 672. Numerous and well-manufac-tured clay pipes from France , ib. Extensive nature ofthe French trade in tobacco pipes, ib. Contributions ofpipes and mouth-pieces from Persia and Sardinia , ib.Numerous rich examples of the narguilc or water-pipein the Turkish collection, ib. Various tubes fromTurkey, mode of manufacture, ib. Choice collection ofamber mouth-pieces and cigar-tubes in this collection,ib. Examples of pipes and tubes from Tunis andTuscany , ib. Pipes in the British Department unim-portant, ib. Specimens exhibited, ib. Process of makingclay pipes described, ib. Number of exhibitors andcountries from whence contributions have been received,ib. List of awards, 672-674.
FiPiTZAnuAC—Remarkable yellow resinous substance, some-what resembling gamboge, called, 76, 90. Contributedfrom Mexico , ib.
Tigncs, —, 454.
Pirson, J.. 331.
Pistols.— See Arms (Pistols, $c.), Inlaid . Guns, &'c.
Pistons. —Spring rings for pistons, of good workmanship,173.—See also Pumps.
Pistor, W. and G., 221.
Pistrucci, B. (Juror ), xxv, xxx, 577.
Pitansier, —, 620.
Pitch-Oil.— Purposes for which employed in timber, 42.
Pitoux, V., 165.
Pittman. J. (Associate Juror), xxviii.
Pitts, W., 740.
Piver, A., 610, 615.
Pizzala, —, 301.
Plagniol, A., 273, 275, 278.
Plaiting Machines.— Plaiting machines of the usual con-struction from Belgium and Prussia, 107.
Plambeck, C. F. 11., 551.
Planetarium^. —See Orreries , §'c.
Planlmeters. —Ingenuity of these machines, adapted to thedetermination of areas of plane surfaces by mechanicalmeans, 246. Description of Sang’s planimeter, 303.Detailed description of a planimeter irom Tuscany , byGonella, ib.
Planing Machines— Excellent specimens of, exhibited, 200.Varieties of construction, ib.
Planispheres . —Double planisphere, designed to assistnavigators in great circle sailing, 253. Descriptionthereof, ib. Pedestal planisphere exhibited, 307.
riant, —, 307, 316.
Plantain Meal —Samples of, of good qualit}* from Deme-rara, 55. Samples from Demerara and Madras, 62.
Plantins,—, 406.
Plants Anatomized. —Beautiful collection of anatomizedplants, flowers, and leaves; process by which prepared,157.—See also Pharmaceutical Plants.
Plaster, Cement , &c. —Statement of the most essentialfeatures of distinction between plasters and cements,
575. Various specimens exhibited; awards, &c., 575,
576. —See also Cement , Roman , Src.
Plaster, Clav, &c., Works of Art in. —Notices of the prin-cipal, 685, 686.
Plastic Art.— See Sculpture , Models,
Plastic Materials ani> Artificial Compounds (Manufac-tures in).—Manufactures included under this head:groups into which divided, 572. 1st. Manufactures incement , artificial stone , <Vc., ib. Massive and incrustedcements, 572, 573. Hydraulic cements, 573-575.Plasters and scagliola, 575, 576. Artificial stone withsilica base, 576. Bituminous cements and mastics.576, 577. Metallic sponge cement, 577. 2nd. Glassand porcelain Mosaics, ib. Roman and Venetian mosaic,577,578. Clay and porcelain mosaics, 578. 3rd. Manu-factures in clay, 578, et seq. Bricks and tiles. 578-582.Terra cottas , 582-584. Gas retorts, fire bricks, andchemical utensils, 584-58G. Glazed fire-clay goods,586.
Plate Glass. —New variety of window glass, termedpatent plate,” introduced by Messrs. Chance in 1840:description thereof, 526. Extension of the process toFrance by Messrs. Patoux and Co., of Aniche, ib. Theprogress of manufacture of plate glass not rapid inFrance , 527. Works established at Tourlavillc., nearCherbourg , in 16S8, ib. Improvements effected by
Abraham Thevart; works established at St. Gobnin ;opposition experienced, 527. Contributions from thethree great works at St. Gobain , Cirey, and Mont-lu^on, ib.
Period of the introduction of plate glass into England,527. Formation of “ The British Plate Glass Companyin 1773,” ib. Establishment at South Shields , foundedby the Cooksons in 1728; now carried on by Messrs.Swinburne, ib. Works of Messrs. Hartley of Sunder-land ; “ The Thames Plate Glass Company” and othersreferred to, ib. Application of the steam-engine andother machinery to the manufacture, ib. Difference ofopinion prevailing as to the finishing and polishing ofplate glass, 531. Prize medals, &c., awarded for plateglass, 536, 537.
Plated Ware. —Specimens of plated articles, carefullyexecuted and durable, 516.—See also Precious MetalsWorks in the , be.
Platillas— Assortment of bleached, 372.
P latin a Alemuics —Samples of. 296.
Platinum.— Manufacture of platinum, illustrated by acomplete collection, 10. Series of metals and metallicproducts, including palladium, iridium, rhodium, anduranium, ib.
Plattner, Professor, 5, 30.
Playing Cards. —General remarks on the subject of theirinvention, 444. Probable original processes for colour-ing cards, 444, 445. Complete change made in thehonours of modern French cards, 445. Attempts madeby Messrs. De la Rue to introduce modern costumesfor court cards, and failure thereof, ib. Ancient cardsof France, England, Spain , &c., ib. Cards known inChina from an early period, ib. Circular cards in theIndian Department, ib. Cheap cards made in Germany and the Netherlands , ib. History of the progress ofcard making and playing in England, 445, 44G. Apple-gath’s machine for card-printing, 446. Excellentplaying cards from Russia , surpassing most continentalcards, ib. Manufacture of playing cards only allowedin London , Westminster, and Dublin, ib. Duty oncards, ib. Re-issue of second-hand playing cards, ib.Reducing the duty would prevent smuggling andforgery, ib. Duty and export aces printed at SomersetHouse, ib. Stamp regulations of the playing card trade,ib. Annual amount of the duty, ib. General mode ofpainting playing cards, ib. Improvements in the manu-facture effected by Messrs. De la Rue, 447. Specimensexhibited and names of exhibitors, ib. Marked advancein the manufactures from foreign countries, ib.
Pleischl, A., 50!?.
Plenty, J. and E., 218.
Pliny , quoted in relation to the manufacture of glass, 521.
Plomdeur. N., 221.
Plomley, W., 509.
Plon Brothers, 406, 412, 453.
Ploucquet, II., 647, 648.
Ploughs. —Various improvements which have taken placein England within the last twelve years in the construc-tion of the plough, particularly with regard to the mouldboards, 225, 22G. Reference to the inventions andimprovements of Messrs. Kansome, and of Messrs.Howard, and of Mr. Bushy, 225, 226. Skill acquiredby ploughmen who scarcely receive the credit due forit; correctness of eye acquired by ploughmen, 226.Impracticability of the spade superseding the use of theplough in the preparation of wheat land, ib. Result ofn trial of various prize ploughs with Benfall’s dyna-mometer. on 25th July, 1851, on Mr. Mechi’s farm,before Colonel Challoner. Mr. Johnson, and Mr. P.Pusey, reported by Baron Martens, ib., note. Report ofMr. J. V. Shelley on the result of the trial of ploughsat Pusey, by Mr. W. Miles, M.P., and Mr. J. V. Shelley,assisted by Mr. T. P. Outhwaite, 226, 227. Ploughssuited for common and for deep ploughing distinctlyfor some time been separately encouraged by the RoyalAgricultural Society, 227. Exhibitors; prizes awarded,&c., 242.
Ploughs, Draining. —Detailed description of the mode inwhich drains are formed by J. Fowler’s draining plough,which, but for the American reaping-machine, wouldhave formed the most remarkable feature in the agri-cultural department of the Exhibition, 240,
Plummer, II. L., 310.
Plummer, R., 196, 204.
Plush —Specimens of, 365-3G3, 375, 376.