210
HISTORY OF ENGINEERING.
Book I.
On the second floor are three ranges of warehouses, 1G feet G inches in width, approachedhy brick steps from the outside; the floors arc of stone, and the windows are 3 feet by 2 feet9 inches.
In the front are three elevated towers, and through the court flows a clear stream ofspring water, which is conducted from the neighbouring mountains; it then runs throughall the sewers, and scours the drains most effectually.
Leghorn Lazarettos .—There are three ; that called San Leopoldo is very convenientlyarranged ; at the upper end is the statue of the Grand Duke , at whose expense the buildingswere constructed; it has served as a model for all others in Italy . It contains spaciousrooms, and every sort of accommodation for those whose ill fortune consigns them to thenecessity of a purification ; the several courts arc so placed, that the cargoes and crews of
Fig. 233.
the vessels arriving at the port may all be separately lodged, though they are not so.Isolated buildings arranged along an open shore, or on an island in the ocean, afford thebest guarantee for the continued health of the individuals within them; should infection bebrought by the cargoes of one vessel, it is highly necessary that those who without causeare obliged to undergo the ordeal of a lazaretto should not be exposed to the infection theyhave escaped by their own caution, or from being placed in more fortunate circumstances.
The Lazaretto at Varignano in the Bay of Spezzia is situated on a promontory stretchinginto the sea, and forming a beautiful object on the coast. The court nearest the gulf is foraired goods, as are the buildings on each side of the second court. A wide walk divides
Fig. 234.
the great square inland, and a wall at right angles again subdivides it into four courts, oneof which is devoted to the infirmary, and the others to infected goods. Around the wholeis a wall and apartments for the officers and attendants.
The great defect of this establishment is, that the several lodgings set out for the crews