Chap. VIII.

Ull IT A IN.

527

which is to receive the gravel upwards; or otherwise, where turf cannot be readily pro-cured, the surface of the moss or soft matter may be covered with a layer of brushwood orheath, which, when compressed, shall not be less than 6 inches in thickness ; upon the sur-face so compressed and prepared, there shall be laid gravel, cleansed as before described, tothe thickness of 18 inches in the middle and 13 inches at the sides.

“ In all cases, whatever be the nature of the soil, the road is on all the flat ground to bebrought to a perfect level from side to side, before the gravel is laid on; but in all caseswhere the road is to be raised on the one side by moved ground, while the upper side is onthe natural ground, the lower side of the road, when finished, is to be from 4 to 6 incheshigher than the upper side, in proportion to the quantity of moved ground on the lower side.

« In side cuttings in steep banks, even if there is no moved ground on the lower side, stillthe lower surface of the finished road is to be on at least 4 inches higher level than theupper side. Where the ground is level or flat, the road is to be gravelled to 18 feet inwidth, and to have a border of green turf on each side, 1 foot in width.

“ When the road is formed on a sloping bank, where no parapets are necessary, there is tobe a border of green turf on the lower side of the road, 1 foot in breadth in the clear.

“ 'Hie drains are to be formed perfectly regular, and so as the course of the water shall notbe interrupted by points of rocks or sudden turnings, and where the soil is soft and loose,these drains on the upper side of the road are to be paved with small stones, not less than4 inches in depth. These pavements are to be made at the places pointed out by the in-spector ; they are to be carried to the extent, and made in the shape, he shall direct.

“ Where the parapets are necessary, the road is to be gravelled to the breadth of 18 feetas before described. And also the said contractors bind themselves and their foresaids tomake in a sufficient manner all back drains, of such dimensions and in such directions, asshall be necessary for effectually collecting and conducting the water in a proper mannerfrom the higher grounds to the nearest bridges or covered drains, especially where theroad is formed along steep and sloping banks, and the ground is wet and swampy, and thatat the places which shall be pointed out by the said surveyor, so that the road shall alwaysbe kept free from water.

“ Where the road is to be formed upon level ground, and particularly where it is mossyand swampy, side drains are to be made of sufficient depth to drain the ground, and in allcases quite sufficient to carry off the water. These side drains to be made witli a slopefrom the road to within 1 foot of the farther side of the drain, so that if the depth at thefarther side be 30 inches, the width at top shall be 6 feet, and so more or less in proportionto the depth, and which side drains shall be made at the places approved of by the sur-veyors : and also to make covered drains of dry stones at all places were necessary ; theinside walls of these drains are not to be less than 2 feet in thickness, and the stones forthat length to be laid regular: these covered drains shall in no instance (without particulardirections in writing from the principal engineer employed by the commissioners) beless than 2 feet square ; they are to be properly secured in the bottom by paving withstones set on edge; the pavement as well as the sides are to be secured at both ends of thedrains by stone work, so that it shall appear evident there is no risk that they shall be in-jured by the water, where it enters into or issues from the drain. 'The stones with whichthe two feet drains are covered are to be not less than 3 feet in length and 4 inches inthickness, and laid so close together on stones of equal length overlapping each joint, asshall effectually prevent the gravel from passing down into the drain, and leaving a hole inthe road. But in case it shall be discovered during the execution of the road, that insteadof some of the 2 feet, the road may be better protected by making a greater number ofdrains of smaller dimensions, the contractors, upon receiving instructions in writing fromthe principal engineer, shall execute them in such a manner, and counting two drains of18 inches, or three drains of 12 inches, in lieu of one drain 2 feet square, and in case ofdrains of 18 inches being made, the stones of the covers shall not be less than 30 inches inlength ; if 12 inches the covers to be 2 feet in length ; and in order to secure the due ex-ecution of the said covered drains, it is expressly declared that the same shall be subjectedto the inspection and approval of the resident surveyor before the covers are laid on, that hemay be satisfied that the bottoms are properly paved, and the sides are built in a sufficientmanner ; and after the said drains are covered, the backs of the buildings are to made upwith stones to the level of the upper beds of the covers, and the said drains shall be con-structed, so that they shall have a sufficient covering of gravel, not exceeding 12 inches, tothe satisfaction of the surveyor, without causing any swell on the road. And also the saidcontractors bind and oblige themselves, and their foresaids, to build and erect breastworks ofstone at all places where necessary on the lower side of the road, along the side of water-courses, or on sloping banks, or on rocks ; the foundation of the said breastwork must becut into the rock or solid ground for the whole breadth of the base of the wall or breast-work which is to be placed on it, as hereafter described, and its direction is to be dippinginto the hill at a right angle with the slope of the face of the breastwork. If it shall benecessary to make the breastwork 3 feet in height, from the foundation to the level of the