Chap. VIII.

BRITAIN.

529

making was al>out 1000/. per mile. It was specified that the breadth wasto be 34 feet between the fences, 18 of which were to be metalled, and theremaining 8 feet on each side to be covered with gravel. In all embank-ments the width on the top to be 30 feet, and the side slopes 1£ horizontalto l perpendicular ; in all cuttings above 5 feet, the width between thelower skirts of the slopes 30 feet, all below that depth to be 34 feet. Theslopes of all the cuttings to be at the same rates as the embankments.

The surface of the road longitudinally or lengthwise, in all cases wherethere were cuttings and embankments, to be formed as shown, and in no in-stances the ascents or descents to exceed 1 in 30, and the changes from one tothe other to be made in regular curves, to the satisfaction of the inspector.

"Where there were side cuttings and a part of the road made on movedground, the surface of the lower part, or moved ground, to be higher thanthat of the upper side, to allow for consolidation, so that when finished itmight have the proper level.

In the middle of the road a metal bed to be formed, and in all caseswhere the ground was nearly level, the metal to be laid upon the naturalsurface of the ground, so as to have a curvature of 4 inches, in the middle18 feet, and the sides or shouldering to be made with moved ground, but onno account the metal bed to be cut out of the natural ground, unless thatbe loose gravel or rock.

'Hie metalling to consist of two beds or layers, viz. a bottom course ofstones, each 7 inches in depth, to be carefully set by hand, with broadestend downwards, all cross-bonded or jointed, and no stone to be more than3 inches wide on the top. These stones to be either good whinstone,limestone, or hard freestone; the vacuities between to be carefully filledwith smaller stones packed by the hand, so as to bring the whole to an evenand firm surface.

Fig. 534

SECTION OP ROAD.

The top course or bed to be 7 inches in depth, to consist of properlybroken stones, none to exceed 6 ounces in weight, and each to pass througha circular ring 2£ inches in diameter in their largest dimensions. Theseto be of hard whinstone, the quality of both bottom and top metalto be determined by the inspector. In every 100 yards in length oneach side of the road, upon an average, there was to be a small drain fromthe bed of the bottom layer to the outside ditch, as directed by the inspector.

Where the height of the embankments exceeded 3 feet, they were tostand from one to three months, in proportion as they increased in depth, asdetermined by the inspector. Over the upper bed or course of metal to be abinding of gravel, of 1 inch in thickness upon an average ; the crosssection of the finished roadway to have a curvature of 6 inches ; in the middle18 feet, and from that on each side a declivity at the rate of $ an inch in afoot, to within 18 inches of the fences ; the remaining space of 18 inchesto have a curvature of 3 inches, making in all about 9 inches on each sidebelow the finished roadway.

In passing morassv ground all the surface upon which the road was to be placed, viz.between the fences, to be brought to a curvature of 12 inches in the middle, and to hesecured with two rows of good swarded turf, the lower end to be laid with the swarded sidedownwards, and the upper one with it upwards. The metalling upon the said mossyground to be made 20 feet in width ; a drain to be cut alongside of the road, 4 feet wideat the top, 18 Inches at the bottom, and 3 feet deep.

Cross drains , nine to be made in every mile in length, placed in situations marked outby the inspectors; 18 inches wide, 16 inches high at the upper end, and 22 inches high at

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