G52
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ENGINEERING.
Book II.
Strontium is nearly as heavy as barium, and is a substance of rare occurrence.
Protoxide of Strontium, Stro7itia, is a substance of a greyish colour, is distinguishable fromlime by the insolubility of the sulphate ; it is extremely infusible, but is less caustic thanthe fixed alkalies and baryta.
Strontium - - - 1
44
84-6
Oxygen - - 1
-
8
15-4
I
52
100 0
Calcium has a white colour and a metallic lustre
: when heated in
the air, it is oxidated
and converted into lime.
Calcium and Oxygen — Oxide of Calcium—Quick Lime ,
is extremely infusible, but gives
out a brilliant light when intensely heated; purespecific gravity of 2 3.
lime
is of a pale
grey tint, and has a
Calcium - - - I
_
20
71*4
Oxygen - - .1
-
8
28-6
1
28
100 0
Hydrate of Lime — Slaked Lime , is a compound of
Lime - - 1
-
28
75-6
Water - - 1
-
9
24 ’4
I
37
100*0
Nitrate of Lime is formed by neutralising nitric
acid,
diluted with water, by lime; is
foimd in old plaster, and in mortar: in the anhydrous state it consists of
Lime - - 1
.
28
34*1
Nitric acid - - 1
-
54
65 9
I
82
100-0
Svlphuret of Calcium is soluble in water.
Calcium - - 1
_
20
Sulphur - - 1
-
16
1
36
Sulphate of Lime is found abundantly under the form of
gypsum, selenite, alabaster, &c.
all ot which contain water of crystallisation, which is
driven off before it can be made into
plaster of Paris. It is soluble in 500 parts of cold water, and morehard water being produced. Anhydrous sulphate of lime consists of
so in boiling water,
Lime - - 1
28
41*1
Sulphuric acid - 1
- '
40
58-9
1
68
100 0
The crystallised sulphate of lime consists of
Anhydrous sulphate of lime « 1
-
68
79
Water - - - 2
-
18
21
1
86
100
Native sulphate of lime or selenite is crystallised: the fibrous and earthy is called gyp-sum, and the granular or massive alabaster ; the variety called satin gypsum is usedfor ornamental purposes. Massive and granular gypsum is applied to architecture.
Marbre de Bergamo is a variety of sulphate of lime, called anhydrous gypsum, whichsometimes contains common salt.
Chloride of lime, or bleaching powder, destroys vegetable and animal colouring matters,and various effluvia. It is a dry white powder, smells of chlorine, and has an acrid taste :when exposed to the air it absorbs carbonic acid, and evolves chlorine. It probably consistsof a chloride of lime, containing one proportion of chlorine and one of lime, with a pro-portion of hydrate of lime.
Carbonate of Lime. — Heat expels the carbonic acid, whilst muriatic and the otheracids decompose it; it is the most abundant compound of the globe.
Lime - - 1 - 28 - 56
Carbonic acid - 1 - 22 - 44
I 50 100
It occurs native in various forms, and in the Iceland spar is extremely pure and trans-