Chap. XIII.

TOOLS AND MACHINES.

1033

kind, and the means now adopted to furnish that which the growing wants of our manu-facturing and industrious population require, differ materially from those in use half acentury ago, when all work was performed by manual labour : an estimate of the value ofthese leviathan tools, consisting of turnery lathes, planing, riveting, boring, screw cutting,plate bending, punching machines, and others in a large establishment, would show the en-terprise and skill which the demand for steam-engines and machinery employed in com-merce and manufactures has called forth.

Ml

Fig. 15$3. CYLINDER BORER.

For boring the Cylinders of Steam-engines a powerful and very accurate machine is re-quired : the cylinder is sometimes placed in a horizontal position, and when fixed thecutters are made to revolve, and advance forward by the force of machinery ; in boring