1206

THEORY AND PRACTICE Of ENGINEERING.

Rook II.

1S8G.

SIDE ELEVATION.

The descent pipe EFG, 30 feet high, admits water below the upper piston H, and tendsto raise it: the water compressed below the same piston II is forced up the pipe I L M.The water below the lower piston 1) escapes by the waste N ; the valve O is opened bythe rod P ; the second acts in a similarmanner. The source V, supposed10 feet high, admits water above theupper piston 11 : the water in thedescent pipe Y Y, 30 feet high, presseson the upper part of the lower pistonI), and forces the water up the pipeZ \Y to a height of 40 feet: duringthis operation the water containedbelow the upper piston II escapesthrough the waste K, the valve Tbeing closed. Thus the machine willforce water alternately on each side.

The contrivance for opening and shut-ting the valves is the same as thatdescribed in the preceding machine.

The upright pipes are furnished with valves to prevent the return of the water.

Fig. 1887. is a machine for raising water by means of two buckets ; one of which, A, islarger than the other 13, so that both being full of water, the first in descending raises thesecond, and the lesser B weighing more than the other, to oblige it to ascend when bothare empty. The bucket B has an iron hoop round its middle with an ear attached, and Ahas a similar circle, Q, at the bottom : the water froma source is conducted to a cistern E, and flows con-stantly through the waste F; the two buckets areattached to a cord or chain passing over a pulley It,so that when the lesser bucket is in the cistern theother may receive water from the waste F ; when thebucket A is full, it descends and raises the other B, asmuch as its fall; it then catches the hook O, and emptiesitself into the cistern ; at the same moment the ear ofthe bucket A catches another hook at the bottom ofits descent and empties itself; the lesser being heavierthan the greater will compel it to mount, and recom-mence the same manoeuvre. On the axle of the pulleyR is a toothed wheel S engaging a pinion T, whichcarries a fly-wheel to preserve uniformity of motion :if the fall C I) be less than the height to which thewater is to be raised, the buckets K,L may be sus-pended to two different wheels M, N, whose dia-meters should be in the reciprocal proportion of thefall and the height the water is to raised ; these twowheels must have a common axle, and turn with it.

For example, if the fall be 10 feet and the water is tobe raised 30, the radius of the lantern 31 of the lesserbucket L must be triple that of the lantern N of thegreater bucket K ; but the weight being in the reci-procal ratio of the arms of the levers, the capacity ofthe lesser bucket must only be one-third that of thegreater. Gironimo Finugio is said to have inventedthis machine at Home in 1616.

Fig. 1888. is a machine on the same principle inventedby Mr. Becket. B C is a fall 10 feet high, C is a wellreceiving water from the cistern B, which is suppliedbv a spring ; II, I, K are three floors supporting themachine; LM N is a timber frame ; O is an axle 3^

feet long, turning on gudgeons, and common to three wheels. The first. P, is 2 feet indiameter and 5 inches thick, and has a groove in its circumference ; the second, Q, is 6 feetin diameter, with rebates in its circumference, forming a channel 1^ inches wide, of a spiralform, its greatest enlargement in a single revolution being 2 inches; the third. It, is 3 feet10 inches in diameter ; its circumference has also a circular rebate, enlargement at onerevolution being £ of an inch. To the wheel P a flat and flexible chain is attached, which,after enveloping the circumference, is divided into two others P, S ; to this chain is fixed aniron rod carrying the greater bucket A ; the wheel Q has a similar flat chain, so that when itmakes one revolution from left to right, its circumference winds up the chain from T to

Fi£. 1887.