1208

THEORY AND PRACTICE OP ENGINEERING.

Book II.

Fig.188?,

MACHINE FOR DEEP WELLS.

Bart. : the original machine was put up by Mr. George Gervis, but the modificationdescribed above is due to Mr. Bucket.

Among the machines employed for drawing water from deep wells previous to thegeneral introduction of pumps and hydraulic engines, the following have been selected asthe most efficient, andfrequently of use to theengineer for temporarypurposes.

Fig . 188D. is an appa-ratus formerly existing atDares, near Dieppe ; al-though the well is exceed-ingly deep, it drew a quan-tity of water sufficientfor the consumption ofa large garrison in timeof war. It consists ofan upright axle, with apinion at its summit,round which a rope waspassed twice, to which thebuckets were attached;there were six levers tothe axle, each 7^ feet long,and as the radius of thepinion was 14 inches, thepower was only one-sixthof the weight; thereforesix men applying their power to the six levers, assuming each to exert a force of 25 lbs.,would raise 13 cube feet of water at once.

The machine represented in fig. 1890. was invented by M. Morel. The weight A of800 lbs. may be raised by means of the fixed pulley I which sustains it. The cylinder B, 1foot in diameter, has two toothed wheels C, I,each 24 inches in diameter, the first of whichengages the lantern D, also of 24 inches, and theaxle of this lantern traverses another 3 feet indiameter, which carries the chain of buckets.

The weight is raised by the winch F of 1 footradius, accompanied by a fly-wheel G and alantern H, 3 inches in diameter, which engagesthe wheel I. As there are four lever armsbetween the power and the weight, viz. the armof the winch 12 inches, the radius of the lanternH inch ; that of the wheel I 12, and that oftie cylinder B 6, the weight will be to the power 'Pias 16 to 1; consequently the action of the weight ^being reduced to 400 lbs. the power will onlybe 25 lbs., which is the force of a man appliedto the winch. 'While the power turns the winchF and cylinder B, the chain of buckets remainsimmovable, because the wheel C, which has aspring or catch, is separated from the cylinder;there being four levers between the weight andthe power of the respective lengths befoie men-tioned, the weight is to the water in the bucketsas 4 to 1 ; thus the buckets in mounting will raise100 lbs. of water, or rather less. The net pro-duct will depend on the height the water is to

Fig. 1890. MOREL’S MACHINE.

be raised, the wheel C and lantern D being of the same diameter, the velocity of thecylinder B will be to that of F, as the radius of the first is to that of the second, or as1 to 3; consequently, when the cord has unrolled 1 foot, the chain of buckets will have goneover 3 : to maintain uniformity of motion, the wheel C engages the lantern K, on whoseaxle is a small fly-wheel L.

FigH891. is the plan of the cistern of distribution formerly existing at the fountain of St.Catherine at Paris . The upright pipe A brought the water from the pumps of Notre Dameto the circular cistern B C, in the middle of which is a rim D to calm the motion of the water,which flowing through the gauges with which the circumference of the basin is pierced, runs