Chap. XXXI.

PRINCIPLES OF PROPORTION.

] 587

of the design. _ The voids are nicely adjusted to the solids, and all those parts, as thecolumns and triglyphs, intended as supports, are striated perpendicularly, whilst those sup-ported are decorated with members and mouldings running horizontally, and indicatingrest or repose. The inclined lines of the pediment are the only exception to this rule, andthey are composed of longitudinal members, placed consistently with their use, viz. that ofthrowing off the water from the roof: so well-combined a whole, consisting of parts allexpressing their utility, deserves our admiration: even the annulets under the echinusof the capital indicate so many cinctures to bind the tops of the perpendicular flutestogether, before the elegant tazza or cup-like vase is placed between the shaft and the abacus.

IONIC CAPITAL,

Ionic Proportions. —This style seems very nearly coeval with the Doric : it is supposed bysome commentators to be of Achaic origin, by others of Persian ; both Greeks andPersians may have contributed to its formation ; the term Ionic was applied to it by Vitru-vius, from its being first used by the inhabitants of Ionia ; the few perfect examples re-maining are of the greatest beauty, both in design and execution.

The shores of Asia Minor, in the reign of Medon, the son of Codrus , were taken pos-session of by a number of Greeks, who commenced their migration about a thousand yearsbefore Christ; after they had passed from Attica, they first mixed with the inhabitants ofCaria and the Leleges. Helen the son of Deucalion, who reigned in Phthia, situated be-tween the rivers Peneus and Asopus, having left his kingdom to his eldest son, the otherssought for settlements elsewhere: Dorus established himself in the neighbourhood ofParnassus and Xuthus in Attica, where he married the daughter of Erechtheus, the sove-reign of Athens , and had by her two sons Achams and Io.

Io with a number of followers from Athens went into the Peloponnesus and establishedhimself at jEgialus, a place on the sea-shore lying between Elis and Sicyonia; here hemarried the daughter of Selinuntus, king of that district, at whose death he succeeded tohis dominions; Io built Helice, and called the inhabitants Ionians. Some time after Iowas recalled to Athens to command the troops in a war against the Thracians, over whombe obtained a victory : the Athenians in consequence designated themselves Ionians. Atticawas divided by Io among four tribes, the Geleontes, the Argades, the iEgicores, and theHopletes, the names of his four sons, or according to Strabo , labourers, artisans, priests, andguards.

When Erechtheus died, Cecrops , his eldest son, succeeded, and Xuthus, his other son,was driven out of Attica; in the country he afterwards inhabited he built four towns,CEnoe, Marathon , Probalinthus, and Tricorythus, after which he died at JEgialus; his sonAcliams then passed into Laconia and Thessaly, when he recovered his father’s dominions;his two sons Archandar and Architeles went into Argos, where they married two daughtersof Danaus, one of the royal family of Argos. The Lacedaemonians and Aigeans werecalled after Achaeus Achaeans, until the return of the Heraclidae , when they were driven out,and obliged to flee to .ZEgialus and into Attica, where the Ionians again received them onaccount of their common origin.

At the death of Codrus , his youngest son Nileus embarked with all the Ionians intoAsia, where they occupied eight of the Ionian cities, viz. Miletus, Ephesus , Myus, Tcos,Priene, Lebedos, Erythra?, and Clazomene ; the other four founded by the Ionians wereColophon, Phocaa, Samos, and Chios . The Ionians formed themselves into twelve states,because, according to Herodotus, they were previously so divided in the Peloponnesus ; theBarnes of the cities from whence they were ejected were Pellene near Sicyon , iEgira andJpg®, Bura, Helice, JEgium, Rypa?, Patras , Pharas, Olenus, Dyme and Tritasa, the lastbeing an island.

. The inhabitants of Athens who migrated from the Prytaneum were the most noble

5 i 2