Chap. XXXI.

PRINCIPLES OF PROPORTION

1589

Fig. 2981. IONIC TETUASTYLE TEMPLES.

portico, as already done for the Doric order, having the same number of columns, and likethe tetrastyle eustyle of Vitruvius , divide each side of the square which circumscribes itinto 11^ parts, premising that the pediment rises a ninth and one side of the square passesthrough its centre. The side of the square being divided into 11£ parts, 1 is given to thediameter of the columns, 3 parts to the middle intercolumniation, and 2] to each of theothers; thus the sites for the columns are obtained: dividing the upright sides of thesquare into the same number of parts, 8^ are given to the height of the column, and theremaining 3 to the entablature and half pediment.

Multiplying 1by the same, we have for the entire area 132], which if divided into 4 isS3 and a fraction for the columns, the same for the entablatures, and double that forthe intercolumniations : the columns being four in number and 8| diameters in height,their area will be 34 parts; the intercolumniations being in their united width, thatmultiplied by 8^, their height, gives 63| for their area, and the entablature being 3 highand 11£ in width, we have for its contents 34^ parts, giving a result of nearly a fourthfor the entablature as well as for the columns, and a half for the intercolumniations. Bymaking some allowance for the diminution of the columns, an exact agreement betweenthe quantities might be obtained; those in the intercolumniations would then be foundequal to those in the entablature and its supports, or half the entire square devoted to solidand the other half to voids : had the columns of the temple on the Ilissus been about 1 inch lessin diameter, its proportions would have been in close accordance with those of the figure,where the 4 columns occupy 38 squares, the entablature the same number, and the inter-columniations 76*

Tonic Hexastyle. Temple of Erechtheus at Athens _This highly-enriched example, executed

in the finest marble, is in height without the pediment 26 feet 6f inches, and in width,measured along the front of the corona, 40 feet 6 inches, so that this portion is comprisedwithin a square and a half or nearly so : the lower diameter of the columns is 2 feet 3^inches, and the upper 1 foot ll^j inches, giving a mean of 2 feet 1^ inches; their collecteddiameters are 12 feet 9 inches, whilst that of the intercolumniations at the same level is 23feet 1-^j inches, nearly double the space occupied by the columns. The height of the en-tablature without the pediment is 4 feet 11^ inches, and its superficial content on the face190 feet, and adding 85 feet for the area of the tympanum, we have altogether 275 feet,